House Dust Mite Extract, from D.farinae

BALB/c (5-week-old male; asthma model via nebulization challenge)^[1]

100 μg/mL

inhaled via nebulizer; 8 administrations (Days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 60, 61); 10 minutes per administration

Induced airway hyperresponsiveness with significantly higher Penh values than saline-treated control mice (values similar to those induced by D.
pteronyssinus extract).
Significantly increased total cell (~110 × 10⁴/m), eosinophil (~40 × 10⁴/m), neutrophil (~15 × 10⁴/m), lymphocyte (~10 × 10⁴/m), and macrophage (~50 × 10⁴/m) counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared to saline-treated controls.
Significantly elevated serum IgE (OD ~0.2), IgG1 (OD ~0.15), and IgG2a (OD ~0.12) levels compared to saline-treated controls.
Significantly increased BALF cytokine levels: IL-4 (~150 pg/mL), IL-5 (~150 pg/mL), IL-6 (~40 pg/mL), IL-10 (~75 pg/mL), IL-13 (~150 pg/mL), and IL-17 (~180 pg/mL) compared to saline-treated controls.
Induced pathological lung changes including thickened bronchial mucosa, inflammatory cell infiltration, lumen stenosis, mild peribronchial collagen deposition, increased goblet cell hyperplasia (PAS-positive cell count ~45% of airway cells), and elevated MUC5AC expression (fold change ~8 relative to PBS control for protein, ~8 relative to PBS control for mRNA) compared to saline-treated controls.

C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) (7-9 weeks old); Pla2g5-null (7-9 weeks old)^[2]

3 μg

i.n.; 6 doses on days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 18

Induced significant increases in total bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cell numbers and eosinophils in WT mice.
Showed 14 bronchovascular bundles (BVBs) with cellular infiltrates per 15 BVBs, and 47 mucus-producing goblet cells per mm of bronchial basal lamina in WT mice.
Increased mRNA expression of IL-5, IL-13, Muc5ac, and Clca3/Gob-5 in lung tissue of WT mice relative to saline controls.
Increased parabronchial lymph node (PLN) cell counts in WT mice, and restimulation of PLN cells with 20 μg/mL D.
farinae induced release of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13.
Significantly elevated serum levels of D.
farinae-specific IgE, D.
farinae-specific IgG1, and total IgE in WT mice.
Resulted in total BAL fluid cell numbers equivalent to saline controls in Pla2g5-null mice, with significantly reduced total BAL cells and eosinophils compared to D.
farinae-treated WT mice.
Showed 8 BVBs with cellular infiltrates per 15 BVBs, and 10 mucus-producing goblet cells per mm of bronchial basal lamina in Pla2g5-null mice.
Significantly lowered lung mRNA expression of IL-5, IL-13, Muc5ac, and Clca3/Gob-5 in Pla2g5-null mice compared to D.
farinae-treated WT mice.
Significantly reduced PLN cell counts in Pla2g5-null mice compared to D.
farinae-treated WT mice, and restimulated PLN cells released significantly lower levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13.
Dramatically lowered serum levels of D.
farinae-specific IgE, D.
farinae-specific IgG1, and total IgE in Pla2g5-null mice compared to D.
farinae-treated WT mice.