Lung Cancer Models

N-Nitrosodiethylamine (Diethylnitrosamine) is a potent hepatocarcinogenic dialkylnitrosoamine. N-Nitrosodiethylamine is mainly present in tobacco smoke, water, cheddar cheese, cured, fried meals and many alcoholic beverages. N-Nitrosodiethylamine is responsible for the changes in the nuclear enzymes associated with DNA repair/replication. N-Nitrosodiethylamine results in various tumors in all animal species. The main target organs are the nasal cavity, trachea, lung, esophagus and liver.

DMBA has carcinogenic activity as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). DMBA is used to induce tumor formation in various rodent models.

Benzo[a]pyrene shows lung carcinogenicity in animal models, and it is frequently used in chemoprevention studies.

NNK is a nicotine-nitrosated derivative. NNK simultaneously stimulates Bcl2 phosphorylation exclusively at Ser⁷⁰ and c-Myc at Thr⁵⁸ and Ser⁶² through activation of both ERK1/2 and PKCα. NNK induces survival and proliferation of human lung cancer cells. NNK can be used for lung cancer mice model structure.

Urethane (Ethyl carbamate), the ethyl ester of carbamic acid, is a byproduct of fermentation found in various food products. Urethane has the ability to suppress bacterial, protozoal, sea urchin egg, and plant tissue growth in vitro.