2. Academic Validation
  3. Gut microbiota dependent trimethylamine N-oxide aggravates angiotensin II-induced hypertension

Gut microbiota dependent trimethylamine N-oxide aggravates angiotensin II-induced hypertension

  • Redox Biol. 2021 Oct:46:102115. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102115.
Shan Jiang 1,  Yongjie Shui 2,  Yu Cui 3,  Chun Tang 4,  Xiaohua Wang 4,  Xingyu Qiu 5,  Weipeng Hu 5,  Lingyan Fei 4,  Yun Li 6,  Suping Zhang 5,  Liang Zhao 5,  Nan Xu 5,  Fang Dong 5,  Xiaoqiu Ren 2,  Ruisheng Liu 7,  Pontus B Persson 8,  Andreas Patzak 8,  En Yin Lai 9,  Qichun Wei 10,  Zhihua Zheng 11
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
  • 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
  • 3 Kidney Disease Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
  • 4 Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
  • 5 Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
  • 6 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
  • 7 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, 33614, FL, USA.
  • 8 Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
  • 9 Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117, Germany. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 10 Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 11 Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
PMID: 34474396 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102115
Abstract

Gut microbiota produce Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) by metabolizing dietary phosphatidylcholine, choline, l-carnitine and betaine. TMAO is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis. We test, whether TMAO augments angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vasoconstriction and hence promotes Ang II-induced hypertension. Plasma TMAO levels were indeed elevated in hypertensive patients, thus the potential pathways by which TMAO mediates these effects were explored. Ang II (400 ng/kg-1min-1) was chronically infused for 14 days via osmotic minipumps in C57Bl/6 mice. TMAO (1%) or Antibiotics were given via drinking water. Vasoconstriction of renal afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries were assessed by microperfusion and wire myograph, respectively. In Ang II-induced hypertensive mice, TMAO elevated systolic blood pressure and caused vasoconstriction, which was alleviated by Antibiotics. TMAO enhanced the Ang II-induced acute pressor responses (12.2 ± 1.9 versus 20.6 ± 1.4 mmHg; P < 0.05) and vasoconstriction (32.3 ± 2.6 versus 55.9 ± 7.0%, P < 0.001). Ang II-induced intracellular CA2+ release in afferent arterioles (147 ± 7 versus 234 ± 26%; P < 0.001) and mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC, 123 ± 3 versus 157 ± 9%; P < 0.001) increased by TMAO treatment. Preincubation of VSMC with TMAO activated the PERK/ROS/CaMKII/PLCβ3 pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of PERK, ROS, CaMKII and PLCβ3 impaired the effect of TMAO on CA2+ release. Thus, TMAO facilitates Ang II-induced vasoconstriction, thereby promoting Ang II-induced hypertension, which involves the PERK/ROS/CaMKII/PLCβ3 axis.

Keywords

Afferent arteriole; Angiotensin II; Blood pressure; Calcium; Trimethylamine N-oxide.

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