MIP-4/CCL18 Protein, Human

MIP-4/CCL18 Protein, Human is a CC chemokine ligand that binds to PITPNM3, GPR30 and CCR8 receptors and also acts as a neutral CCR3 antagonist mediating inflammation, autoimmunity and carcinogenesis. MIP-4/CCL18 Protein, Human is a recombinant human MIP-4/CCL18 (A21-A89) protein expressed by E. coli^[1][2].

CCL18, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein-4 (MIP-4), pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine (PARC), dendritic cell (DC)-chemokine 1 (DC-CK1) and alternative macrophage activation-associated CC chemokine-1 (AMAC-1), is a small cell factor of the CC chemokine family. CCL18 is located on chromosome 17 in the human gene and has the highest amino acid identity (65%) with CCL3, encoding an 89 amino acid long protein with a 20 amino acid long peptide signal sequence at the N' terminus that signals its secretion and is cleaved in the endoplasmic reticulum into a 69 amino acid long mature protein^[1]. CCL18 is mainly produced by antigen-presenting cells of the innate immune system, including dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages, but not in T and B cells. In macrophages, CCL18 is induced by the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, which program macrophages to differentiate into AAMs, which contribute to the healing phase of acute inflammatory responses and to tissue remodeling and fibrosis in chronic inflammatory diseases.CCL18 can bind to PITPNM3, GPR30, and CCR8 receptors, where CCL18 binding to CCR8 binding induces chemotaxis of Th2 cells. In addition, CCL18 can also act as a neutral CCR3 antagonist and participate in the inflammatory response. It has been shown that CCL18 and its receptor CCR8 are co-expressed in diseased human tissues during active eosinophilic inflammation. In parallel, enhanced production of CCL18 has been demonstrated in a variety of diseases, including various malignancies and inflammatory joint, lung and skin diseases^[2].

CCL18 (20 ng/mL, 12-48 h) promotes HUVEC angiogenesis and enhances HUVEC migration without enhancing proliferation, while blocking the effect of CCL18 with a neutralizing anti-CCL18(10 μg/mL) antibody inhibits tumor-associated macrophages(TAM)-dependent HUVEC migration in a concentration-dependent manner^[3].
CCL18 (50 or 100 ng/mL, 36 h) results in significantly lower E-cadherin expression levels and higher MMP-2 and VEGF-C expression levels compared to controls, also can promote migration and invasion via CCR8 in bladder cancer cells^[4].

Full biological activity determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using human T-lymphocytes is in a concentration of 1.0-10 ng/ml.

Human

E. coli

Tag Free

P55774 (A21-A89)

6362  [NCBI]

AQVGTNKELCCLVYTSWQIPQKFIVDYSETSPQCPKPGVILLTKRGRQICADPNKKWVQKYISDLKLNA

Approximately 7.9 kDa

Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder.

Lyophilized after extensive dialysis against 20 mM PB, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. K Hieshima, et al. A novel human CC chemokine PARC that is most homologous to macrophage-inflammatory protein-1 alpha/LD78 alpha and chemotactic for T lymphocytes, but not for monocytes. J Immunol. 1997 Aug 1;159(3):1140-9.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Schutyser E, et al. Involvement of CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) in normal and pathological processes. J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Jul;78(1):14-26.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Sabina A Islam, et al. Identification of human CCR8 as a CCL18 receptor. J Exp Med. 2013 Sep 23;210(10):1889-98.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Ling Lin, et al. CCL18 from tumor-associated macrophages promotes angiogenesis in breast cancer. Oncotarget. 2015 Oct 27;6(33):34758-73.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Xiaoqiang Liu, et al. CCL18 enhances migration, invasion and EMT by binding CCR8 in bladder cancer cells. Mol Med Rep. 2019 Mar;19(3):1678-1686.  [Content Brief]