Art. -Nr.: HY-N0395

Fructose

(Synonyms: beta-D-Fructopyranose)

4 Cited Publications

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Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Fructose is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.

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Reinheit: 99.92%
CAS. Nr.: 7660-25-5
Formel: C₆H₁₂O₆
Molecular Weight:180.16

Speicherung:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Fructose Chemical Structure

CAS. Nr.: 7660-25-5

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Biologische Aktivität
- Beschreibung
- In Vitro
- Induced Disease Models
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (4)
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protokoll
Reinheit & Dokumentation
Verweise
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biologische Aktivität

Beschreibung

Fructose is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.

In Vitro

Fructose, at low concentrations do not cause any significant increase of Tissue factor (TF)-mRNA levels. On the contrary, higher Fructose concentrations cause increase in TF mRNA levels at 60 min, as compare to unstimulated cells. Increasing Fructose concentrations causes significant decrease of tPA-mRNA levels. SOD significantly prevents Fructose induced NF-κB activation which is associated with the parallel reduction of Fructose-induced TF expression/activity^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Induced Disease Models

Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.

Fructose can be used in animal modeling to create rat models of hyperuricemia and diabetes. In mice fed a 0% Fructose diet, portal vein (0.060±0.006 mM, overall average across all time points) and systemic (0.030±0.003 mM) Fructose concentrations do not change over time after feeding. In contrast, in wild-type mice, the portal vein concentration more than doubles from time (t)=0 to t=1 hour post-feeding (~0.13 mM). Similarly, systemic serum Fructose increases from 0.037 at t=0 to 0.13 mM one hour post-feeding. In the 20% group, fasting (t=0) serum Fructose levels in the portal vein and systemically are similar to the postprandial concentrations in 0% mice, suggesting that baseline Fructose concentrations during fasting are not affected by diet. At the same dietary conditions, time, and sampling site, serum Fructose concentrations in KHK^-/- mice are 5 to 100 times higher than in wild-type mice. The mean (across all time points) portal vein and systemic glucose concentrations in mice fed 20% Fructose are approximately 3 (P=0.004) and 2 (P=0.04) mM higher, respectively, compared to mice fed 0% Fructose. Systemic Fructose concentrations in KHK^-/- mice fed 20% Fructose are about three times higher than in mice fed glucose, whereas systemic Fructose concentrations in wild-type mice fed Fructose are similar to those fed glucose^[2].

Induces high uric acid^[3]

Background

Fructose accelerates the synthesis of purines, increases the production of uric acid, reduces the excretion of uric acid by affecting kidney function, and also produces a large amount of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress, activating inflammatory signaling pathways and promoting uric acid production.

Specific Modeling Methods

Mice: ICR male mice • 18-22 g
Administration: 30% Fructose in drinking water • intragastrically • for six weeks

Note

(1) Mice were placed in a temperature and humidity controlled environment with a 12 h light-dark cycle^[3].
(2) Fresh drinking water was replaced every 2 days^[3].
(3) 24 h urine volume was collected and recorded^[3].

Modeling Indicators

Molecular changes: mouse renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1), glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) increased protein levels, ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) and organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) decreased protein levels, and organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) and OCT2 were downregulated. Increases protein levels of TLR4 and MyD88 in the kidneys. NLRP3 inflammasome is activated and IL-1β secretion is increased^[3].
Tissue changes: Infiltration of inflammatory cells in mouse glomeruli^[3].
Metabolic changes: Increase serum uric acid, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen levels, reduce urine uric acid and creatinine levels (FEUA is significantly reduced)^[3].

Induces type 2 diabetes^[4]

Background

Fructose's metabolites induce insulin resistance, and the reactive oxygen species produced lead to oxidative stress, activate inflammatory responses and affect the action of insulin. Fructose is rapidly metabolized in the liver, resulting in excess production, leading to obesity and hyperlipidemia.

Specific Modeling Methods

Rat: Male Sprague Dawley rats • 200-250 g
Administration: 65% fructose • oral administration • 8 weeks of feeding

Note

(1) At 3 and 8 weeks, blood was collected from the retroorbital plexus using small capillary tubes and serum was collected for biochemical analysis^[4].

Modeling Indicators

Molecular changes: Serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride, uric acid levels and insulin resistance were significantly increased. TBARS in liver tissue increased and GSH levels decreased^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS. Nr. 7660-25-5
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 180.16
Formel C₆H₁₂O₆
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@](O)(CO)OC1
Synonyms

beta-D-Fructopyranose
Structure Classification
- Saccharides
- Monosaccharides
Initial Source
- Plants
- other families
Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Speicherung

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (4)

All In Vivo Efficacy StudyHistological Imaging/StainingWB

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Journal Impact Factor

Nature

Lithocholic acid phenocopies anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227
Eur J Pharmacol

Alisol B blocks the development of HFD-induced obesity by triggering the LKB1-AMPK signaling in subcutaneous adipose tissue. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 5:956:175942. PMID: 37536624

Fructose purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2023 Oct 5:956:175942. [Abstract]

Fructose (HFD, 5% g/v in drinking water, 6 weeks). The average food intake and water intake of mice in different groups.

Fructose purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2023 Oct 5:956:175942. [Abstract]

Fructose (HFD, 5% g/v in drinking water, 6 weeks). The total body weight of mice in different groups.

Fructose purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2023 Oct 5:956:175942. [Abstract]

Fructose (HFD, 5% g/v in drinking water, 6 weeks). OGTT in mice after starving overnight and the areas under the glucose curve.

Fructose purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2023 Oct 5:956:175942. [Abstract]

Fructose (HFD, 5% g/v in drinking water, 6 weeks). Representative H&E-stained micrographs of subcutaneous WAT histopathology. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Fructose purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2023 Oct 5:956:175942. [Abstract]

Fructose (HFD, 5% g/v in drinking water, 6 weeks). Expression levels of C/EBPβ, PPARγ and C/EBPα in subcutaneous WAT.
Bioorg Chem

Euphorbia factor L3 ameliorates hepatic steatosis by activating LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway-regulated lipid metabolism. [Abstract]

2026 Sep 5:179:110008. PMID: 42176359
Plant Soil

2026 Apr 24.

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

In Vitro:

H₂O : 100 mg/mL (555.06 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (555.06 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

5.5506 mL

27.7531 mL

55.5062 mL

5 mM

1.1101 mL

5.5506 mL

11.1012 mL

10 mM

0.5551 mL

2.7753 mL

5.5506 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molaritätsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Konzentration Konzentration

Volumen Volumen

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Verdünnungsrechner

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} × Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} = Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} × Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)}

Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} Volumen _{(Stammlösung)}

Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)}

Volumen _{(Ziellösung)} Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.88 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.88 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.88 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 100 mg/mL (555.06 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Protokoll

Cell Assay^[1]

HUVECs are incubated with Fructose (0.25, 1 and 2.5 mM) for 30 min. Then, cells are washed with PBS and then fresh medium is added. Total mRNA is extracted by cell cultures using TRIzol reagent, at baseline and 60 min after Fructose stimulation and Tissue factor (TF) mRNA levels are examined by realtime reverse transcription (RT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In positive control experiments, HUVECs are incubated with LPS (50 μg/mL), for 30 min and then mRNA is extracted at 60 min^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Administration^[2]

50 young adult (7-wk-old) male C57BL6 wild-type mice (~18 g) are divided into 10 cages and acclimatized to a reversed light cycle. Mice are fed a nonpurified commercial diet ad libitum for the first 4 days. On the 5th day and then throughout the experiment, diets are removed at 2001 (lights on) and returned at 0801 (lights off). For days 8 to 14, diets are switched to pellets containing either 0% Fructose, 10% sucrose, 20% glucose (termed as "0% Fructose") or 20% Fructose, 10% sucrose, or 0% glucose (20% Fructose). On the 15th day, mice are killed at 0800 before feeding and 0900, 1030, 1200, and 1530 during the dark phase, with n=5 for each time point and diet^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Select Batch:

Reinheit: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (289 KB)
SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
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- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

Verweise

[1]. Cirillo P, et al. Fructose induces prothrombotic phenotype in human endothelial cells : A new role for "added sugar" in cardio-metabolic risk. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2015 Nov;40(4):444-51. [Content Brief]

[2]. Patel C, et al. Effect of dietary fructose on portal and systemic serum fructose levels in rats and in KHK-/- and GLUT5-/- mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2015 Nov 1;309(9):G779-90. [Content Brief]

[3]. Ying Yang, et al. Wuling San protects kidney dysfunction by inhibiting renal TLR4/MyD88 signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in high fructose-induced hyperuricemic mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Jul 1:169:49-59. [Content Brief]

[4]. Raju Padiya, et al. Garlic improves insulin sensitivity and associated metabolic syndromes in fructose fed rats. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2011 Jul 27:8:53. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	5.5506 mL	27.7531 mL	55.5062 mL	138.7655 mL
	5 mM	1.1101 mL	5.5506 mL	11.1012 mL	27.7531 mL
	10 mM	0.5551 mL	2.7753 mL	5.5506 mL	13.8766 mL
	15 mM	0.3700 mL	1.8502 mL	3.7004 mL	9.2510 mL
	20 mM	0.2775 mL	1.3877 mL	2.7753 mL	6.9383 mL
	25 mM	0.2220 mL	1.1101 mL	2.2202 mL	5.5506 mL
	30 mM	0.1850 mL	0.9251 mL	1.8502 mL	4.6255 mL
	40 mM	0.1388 mL	0.6938 mL	1.3877 mL	3.4691 mL
	50 mM	0.1110 mL	0.5551 mL	1.1101 mL	2.7753 mL
	60 mM	0.0925 mL	0.4626 mL	0.9251 mL	2.3128 mL
	80 mM	0.0694 mL	0.3469 mL	0.6938 mL	1.7346 mL
	100 mM	0.0555 mL	0.2775 mL	0.5551 mL	1.3877 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Fructose

4 Cited Publications

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Fructose

Biologische Aktivität

Chemical Information

Publications (4)

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

Protokoll

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Verweise

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Fructose Related Classifications

HY-N0395 Related Classifications