2. Infection

Infection

Infection

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Infection is a pathophysiological process that involves the invasion and colonization of a living organism (host) by disease-causing infectious agents, the reaction of host tissues to these agents and the toxins they produce, and the transmission of infectious agents to other hosts. Common infectious agents include viruses, viroids, prions, bacteria, nematodes, arthropods, and other macroparasites such as tapeworms. Hosts can fight infections using their immune system. Mammals often engage both innate and adaptive immune systems to eliminate infectious agents or inhibit their growth and transmission. When infection occurs, anti-infective drugs can suppress the infection. Several broad types of anti-infective drugs exist, depending on the type of organism targeted; they include antibacterial (antibiotic), antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic agents.

Cat. No. Product Name CAS No. Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W654000
    Cyclic GMP-13C,15N2 98.81%
    Cyclic GMP-13C,15N2 is 13C and 15N labeled Cyclic GMP (HY-113469). Cyclic GMP (cGMP), an important second messenger, is a major intracellular mediator of extracellular signals such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Effects of Cyclic GMP occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), cGMP-gated cation channels, and PDEs. Cyclic GMP can inhibit both platelet adhesion and aggregation. cGAMP (Cyclic-GMP-AMP) (HY-12512), a conjugate of Cyclic GMP and AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enhancing antiviral immune responses.
    Cyclic GMP-13C,15N2
  • HY-W716673
    Ftivazide 149-17-7 99.9%
    Ftivazide has anti-tuberculosis activity.
    Ftivazide
  • HY-W718262
    Dihydroaeruginoic acid 49608-51-7 98%
    Dihydroaeruginoic acid ((Rac)-CGP 52547), an antifungal antibiotic, is a thiazoline iron chelator. Dihydroaeruginoic acid is the condensation product of salicylate and one cysteine residue. Dihydroaeruginoic acid chelates Fe(III), inhibits DNA replication via ribonucleotide reductase, induces G1/S cell cycle block, reduces leukemia cell clonogenic viability. Dihydroaeruginoic acid inhibits phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria, suppresses Candida albicans development, and inhibits Agrobacterium tumefaciens biofilm formation via extracellular iron sequestration. Dihydroaeruginoic acid can be used for the research of phytopathogenic fungal and bacterial infections, and leukemia.
    Dihydroaeruginoic acid
  • HY-W739837
    Arecoline-d5 hydrobromide 131448-18-5 99.84%
    Arecoline-d5 hydrobromide is the deuterium labeled Arecoline hydrobromide (HY-B0489). Arecoline hydrobromide, a naturally occurring psychoactive alkaloid, is a partial agonist of nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Arecoline hydrobromide exhibits stimulation, alertness, anxiolysis and anti-parasitic effects. Arecoline hydrobromide also can induce oxidative stress.
    Arecoline-d5 hydrobromide
  • HY-W749242
    Paclobutrazol-d4 98%
    Paclobutrazol-d4 is the deuterium labeled Paclobutrazol. Paclobutrazol is a triazole-containing plant growth retardant that is known to inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellins.
    Paclobutrazol-d4
  • HY-W749327
    2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol-d21 1413431-25-0
    2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol-d21 (2,4-DTBP-d21) is the deuterium labeled 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (HY-W014589). 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) is an orally active RXRα activator and a human estrogen receptor ligand with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which can induce apoptosis in tumor cells. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol can activate the RXRα subtype in LXRα/RXRα, PPARγ/RXRα, and hormone receptor β/RXRα. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol also has antiviral and antifungal activities and has the potential to inhibit Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol can be used as an intermediate in the preparation of antioxidants and UV stabilizers, and is also used in the manufacture of drugs and fragrances.
    2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol-d21
  • HY-W750777
    Flupyradifurone-d5 2732873-32-2 99.9%
    Flupyradifurone-d5 is the deuterium labeled Flupyradifurone (HY-145295). Flupyradifurone is a systemic?nAChR?agonist that interferes with signal transduction in the central nervous system of sucking pests. Flupyradifurone can be used as a butenolide?insecticide.
    Flupyradifurone-d5
  • HY-W764182
    Cephalosporinase,bacillus 9012-26-4
    Cephalosporinase, bacillus are enzymes produced by bacillus, inactivated and degrade the ability of the cephalosporin class of antibiotics. Cephalosporins are a class of β-lactam antibiotics that are widely used to study bacterial infections.
    Cephalosporinase,bacillus
  • HY-W767865
    Cyclic GMP sodium-13C5 99.03%
    Cyclic GMP sodium-13C5 is the 13C-labeled Cyclic GMP sodium (HY-113469A). Cyclic GMP (cGMP) sodium, an important second messenger, is a major intracellular mediator of extracellular signals such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Effects of Cyclic GMP sodium occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), cGMP-gated cation channels, and PDEs. Cyclic GMP can inhibit both platelet adhesion and aggregation. cGAMP (Cyclic-GMP-AMP) (HY-12512), a conjugate of Cyclic GMP and AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enhancing antiviral immune responses.
    Cyclic GMP sodium-13C5
  • HY-W892911
    AV-5080 1448435-38-8 99.95%
    AV-5080 is an orally active neuraminidase inhibitor. AV-5080 can be used for the research of influenza A and B viruses.
    AV-5080
  • HY-W923644
    (-)-Decursinol 21860-31-1 99.73%
    (-)-Decursinol (Aegelinol; (-)-Smyrinol) is a natural pyranocoumarin compound tant can be isolated from the roots of Apiaceae plants such as Ferulago campestris. (-)-Decursinol inhibits both Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13709, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 14428) and Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhii ATCC 19430, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 10699, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048) with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 16 to 64 μg/mL. (-)-Decursinol possesses antioxidant activity. (-)-Decursinol can be used for the study of bacterial infections.
    (-)-Decursinol
  • HY-Y0136S1
    3-Indoleacetonitrile-d4 927182-31-8 98%
    3-Indoleacetonitrile-d4 is deuterium labeled 3-Indoleacetonitrile (HY-Y0136). 3-Indoleacetonitrile is an indole derivative with anti-influenza activity. 3-Indoleacetonitrile is a plant hormone produced by cruxiferous vegetables. 3-Indoleacetonitrile exerts profound antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of influenza A viruses, HSV-1 and VSV viruses in vitro. 3-Indoleacetonitrile diminishes lung virus titers and alleviates lung lesions in vivo. 3-Indoleacetonitrile induces an increase in mitochondrial antiviral-signaling (MAVS) protein levels. 3-Indoleacetonitrile can be used in research for combating viral infections including COVID-19, HSV-1, and VSV.
    3-Indoleacetonitrile-d4
  • HY-108402AR
    Cefodizime sodium (Standard) 86329-79-5 99.83%
    Cefodizime (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cefodizime (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cefodizime sodium is a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Cefodizime sodium has no renal toxic effect, good tolerance and immune regulation activity, and can be used for the research of severe infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts[1][2].
    Cefodizime sodium (Standard)
  • HY-113225S4
    Guanosine triphosphate-15N5,d14 dilithium 98.4%
    Guanosine triphosphate-15N5,d14 (GTP-15N5,d14) dilithium is deuterium and 15N labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate dilithium accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism.
    Guanosine triphosphate-15N5,d14 dilithium
  • HY-138616S1
    dGTP-d14 dilithium 98.5%
    dGTP-d14 (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate-d14) dilithium is deuterium labeled dGTP (HY-138616). dGTP (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate), a guanosine nucleotide, can be used in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Guanosine nucleotides (GDP, GTP, dGDP, and dGTP) are highly susceptible to oxidative damage to 8-oxo-GDP (8-O-GDP), 8-O-dGTP, 8-O-GTP, and 8-O-dGTP.
    dGTP-d14 dilithium
  • HY-B0806AS1
    Proguanil-d6 hydrochloride 98.73%
    Proguanil-d6 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Proguanil hydrochloride (HY-B0806A). Proguanil hydrochloride, an antimalarial proagent, is metabolized to the active metabolite Cycloguanil (HY-12784). Proguanil hydrochloride is a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor.
    Proguanil-d6 hydrochloride
  • HY-W001996R
    6-Hydroxynicotinic acid (Standard) 5006-66-6 99.79%
    6-Hydroxynicotinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid (HY-W001996). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid is an intermediate in the oxidation of Nicotinic acid (HY-B0143) by Pseudomonas fluorescens and metabolite. 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid can be isolated from root exudates of Cucumis melo. 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid disrupts the Auxin signaling pathway. 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid inhibits haustoria precursor formation in Phlipanche aegyptiaca.
    6-Hydroxynicotinic acid (Standard)
  • HY-W004282S
    Undecanoic acid-d21 60658-40-4 98.80%
    Undecanoic acid-d21 (Undecanoate-d21) is the deuterium labeled Undecanoic acid (HY-W004282). Undecanoic acid is a monocarboxylic acid with antifungal property. Undecanoic acid inhibits the production of exocellular keratinase, lipase and the biosynthesis of several phospholipids in T. rubrum.
    Undecanoic acid-d21
  • HY-W004292S
    1-Undecanol-d23 349553-88-4 98.2%
    1-Undecanol-d23 (Undecyl alcohol-d23) is the deuterium labeled 1-Undecanol (HY-W004292). 1-Undecanol (Undecyl alcohol) is the main product generated from the degradation of 2-tridecanone by Pseudomonas bacteria isolated from the soil. 1-Undecanol can enhance the attraction of Grapholita molesta to sex pheromone traps.
    1-Undecanol-d23
  • HY-W009156R
    Citric acid tripotassium hydrate (Standard) 6100-05-6 99.88%
    Citric acid tripotassium hydrate (Standard) (Potassium citrate monohydrate (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Citric acid tripotassium hydrate (HY-W009156). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citric acid tripotassium hydrate is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid tripotassium hydrate induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Citric acid tripotassium hydrate cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid tripotassium hydrate is also an acidulant, emulsifier, sequestrant and buffering agent widely used across many industries.
    Citric acid tripotassium hydrate (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity