2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-156671B
    RMC-4998 TFA
    		Inducer 99.02%
    RMC-4998 TFA is an orally active inhibitor targeting the active or GTP-bound state of the KRASG12C mutant. RMC-4998 TFA can form a ternary complex with intracellular CYPA and the activated KRASG12C mutant, with an IC50 value of 28 nM. RMC-4998 TFA can inhibit ERK signaling in KRASG12C mutant cancer cells and induce apoptosis. RMC-4998 TFA can be used for for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) research.
    RMC-4998 TFA
  • HY-136907
    (S)-Verapamil
    		Inducer
    (S)-Verapamil ((S)-(-)-Verapamil) is an orally active MRP1 (ABCC1) modulator with a Kd value of 113 nM for hamster MRP1. (S)-Verapamil regulates MRP1, promotes MRP1-mediated glutathione efflux and the transport of calcein and leukotriene C4, reverses glutathione-activated MRP1 ATPase activity, and ultimately depletes intracellular glutathione and induces cell death. (S)-Verapamil specifically induces apoptosis in MRP1-overexpressing tumor cells. (S)-Verapamil can be used in research related to cancer, cardiac diseases such as supraventricular arrhythmia, and hypertension.
    (S)-Verapamil
  • HY-177021
    Tubulin-IN-51
    		Inducer
    Tubulin-IN-51 is an orally available, potent tubulin inhibitor (IC50 = 31 nM). Tubulin-IN-51 promotes tubulin polymerization in vitro and does not compete with Paclitaxel (HY-B0015) for binding. Tubulin-IN-51 inhibits the binding of Vinblastine (HY-13780) to tubulin. Tubulin-IN-51 downregulates the proportion of cells in the G1 phase and induces apoptosis. Tubulin-IN-51 inhibits tumor growth in multiple nude mouse xenograft models.
    Tubulin-IN-51
  • HY-N10447
    Kurzipene D
    		Inducer
    Kurzipene D (compound 4) is a potent anticancer agent. Kurzipene D induces the apoptosis and arrested the HepG2 cell cycle at S stage. Kurzipene D shows anti-tumor effects using in vivo zebrafish model. Kurzipene D has the property of inhibiting tumor proliferation and migration.
    Kurzipene D
  • HY-136602
    MT-21
    		Inducer
    MT-21 is an Apoptosis inducer and adenine nucleotide translocase inhibitor. MT-21 induces Apoptosis by activating JNK via the Krs/MST protein. MT-21 activates caspase-3 via caspase-9. MT-21 induces the release of cytochrome c. MT-21 can be used in the research of tumors.
    MT-21
  • HY-N2534R
    Karanjin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Karanjin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Karanjin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Karanjin is an orally active furanoflavonoid which can be isolated from several Leguminosae. Karanjin exhibits evident anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticolitis, anti-ulcer, anti-Alzheimer properties and multiple insect repellent/insecticidal, acaricide properties, suggesting the potential of Karanjin to be applied to relevant research.
    Karanjin (Standard)
  • HY-181018
    Topo I/DDX5-IN-1
    		Inducer
    Topo I/DDX5-IN-1 (Compound A10) is a Topo I and DDX5 inhibitor. Topo I/DDX5-IN-1 inhibits Topo I activity, binds to DDX5, and suppresses DDX5 function. Topo I/DDX5-IN-1 increases expression of γ-H2AX and p21, suppresses the expression of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and XIAP), stimulates ROS generation, and triggers Apoptosis. Topo I/DDX5-IN-1 exhibits anticancer activity against pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, skin cancer, and colorectal cancer.
    Topo I/DDX5-IN-1
  • HY-146038
    Antitumor agent-55
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-55 (compound 5q) is a potent antitumor agent. Antitumor agent-55 effectively inhibits PC3, with an IC50 of 0.91 μM. Antitumor agent-55 effectively inhibits the colony formation, suppresses the cell migration in PC3. Antitumor agent-55 induces G1/S phase arrest and apoptosis in PC3.
    Antitumor agent-55
  • HY-B0113AR
    Omeprazole sodium (Standard)
    Omeprazole (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Omeprazole (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Omeprazole sodium (H 16868) is an orally active H+,K+-ATPase inhibitor and a proton pump inhibitor. Omeprazole sodium competitively inhibits CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9 activity. Omeprazole sodium inhibits gastric acid secretion and can be used for acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. Omeprazole sodium inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, autophagosome accumulation (elevated LC3-I and LC3-II levels), oxidative stress, and cytogenetic imbalance, modulates lysosomal transport, reduces inflammatory cytokines. Omeprazole sodium alters small intestinal morphology and magnesium absorption, and induces gastric mucosa morphologic changes. Omeprazole sodium aslo has neuroprotective and antibacterial effects.
    Omeprazole sodium (Standard)
  • HY-168209
    LBM22
    		Inducer
    LBM22 is a CDC2-like kinase 2 (CLK2) inhibitor with the IC50 of 3.9 nM. LBM22 has antiproliferative activity and inhibits serine/arginine-rich (SR) protein phosphorylation. LBM22 down-regulates the expression of Wnt-related proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins and can be used for study of non-small cell lung cancer.
    LBM22
  • HY-170490
    TTQ-SA
    		Inducer
    TTQ-SA is a near-infrared (NIR) spiro-AIEgen (aggregation-induced emission luminogen), that converts near-infrared light (NIR) into thermal energy, causing thermal damage and death of tumor cells. TTQ-SA exhibits cellular uptake and targeting ability in cancer cell MF-7. TTQ-SA silences the expression of survivin gene with combination of DNAzyme, enhances the sensitivity of tumor cells to photothermal therapy.
    TTQ-SA
  • HY-156279
    HDAC6-IN-22
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-22 (compound 30) is a inhibitor of HDAC6, with the IC50 of 4.63 nM. HDAC6-IN-22 has antiproliferative effects in vitro and in vivo towards multiple myeloma. HDAC6-IN-22 induces cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase and promotes apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway.
    HDAC6-IN-22
  • HY-161488
    Eugenol/BSA
    		Inducer
    Eugenol/BSA is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
    Eugenol/BSA
  • HY-157994
    EGFR WT/T790M-IN-2
    		Inducer
    EGFR WT/T790M-IN-2 (Compound 7c) is a EGFR T790M/WT inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.08 and 0.13 μM, respectively. EGFR WT/T790M-IN-2 induces apoptosis by blocking the G0-G1 phase (apoptosis). EGFR WT/T790M-IN-2 has antitumor activity.
    EGFR WT/T790M-IN-2
  • HY-14914S1
    Azilsartan-d4
    Azilsartan-d4 is the deuterium labeled Azilsartan. Azilsartan is an orally active, potent, selective and specific angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist. Azilsartan induces ROS formation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Azilsartan shows neuroprotective and anticancer activity. Azilsartan can be used for hypertension and stroke research.
    Azilsartan-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-P5703
    EP5-1
    		Inducer
    EP5-1 is an antimicrobial peptide. EP5-1 has antibacterial and antifungal activities. EP5-1 also shows antitumor activity against cancer cells, and induces cell apoptosis. EP5-1 has antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus (PRV).
    EP5-1
  • HY-157298
    anti-TNBC agent-4
    		Inducer
    anti-TNBC agent-4 (compound 7) exhibits highly inhibitory activity against different TNBC cells with IC50s from 0.37 μM to 1.52 μM. anti-TNBC agent-4 inhibits IKKβ mediated phosphorylation of IκB and p65. anti-TNBC agent-4 induces TNBC cells apoptosis.
    anti-TNBC agent-4
  • HY-N0153A
    Naringin hydrate
    		Inducer
    Niacinamide ascorbate is a vitamin complex that combines niacinamide (vitamin B3) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Niacinamide ascorbate reduces the risk of radiation-induced acute leukemia, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and other somatic and genetic mutations following exposure to ionizing radiation doses.
    Naringin hydrate
  • HY-W014423R
    L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (HY-W014423). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an endogenous metabolite. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate scavenges hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, regulate the absorption of zinc, copper and iron, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (Standard)
  • HY-147899
    PI3K-IN-34
    		Inducer
    PI3K-IN-34 (Compound 6g) is a highly selective PI3K inhibitor with IC50 values of 11.73, 6.09 and 11.18 μM for PI3K-α、PI3K-β and PI3K-δ , respectively. PI3K-IN-34 arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase and induces apoptosis. PI3K-IN-34 can be used in leukemia research.
    PI3K-IN-34
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity