2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N1417R
    Sesamol (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Sesamol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sesamol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sesamol is a constituent of sesame oil. Sesamol shows a free radical scavenging activity. Sesamol shows an IC50=5.95±0.56 μg/mL in the DPPH assay. Anti-oxidant activities. Anticancer activities.
    Sesamol (Standard)
  • HY-162264
    Tubulin polymerization/V-ATPase-IN-1
    		Inducer
    Tubulin polymerization/V-ATPase-IN-1 (compound F10) is a Tubulin polymerization/V-ATPase inhibitor. Tubulin polymerization/V-ATPase-IN-1 shows robust antiproliferation activity against four human cancer cell lines, and exerts antiproliferative activity by inhibiting tubulin and V-ATPase. Tubulin polymerization/V-ATPase-IN-1 induces immunogenic cell death in addition to apoptosis, and inhibits tumor growth in an RM-1 homograft model with enhanced T lymphocyte infiltration.
    Tubulin polymerization/V-ATPase-IN-1
  • HY-174347
    Hsp90-Cdc37-IN-4
    		Inducer
    Hsp90-Cdc37-IN-4, a Celastrol (HY-13067) derivative, inhibits the Hsp90-Cdc37 protein-protein interaction (PPI). Hsp90-Cdc37-IN-4 selectively inhibits casein kinase 2 (CK2), reducing phosphorylation of its substrate Cdc37 at Serine 13. Hsp90-Cdc37-IN-4 induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and triggers apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Hsp90-Cdc37-IN-4 demonstrates potent anti-breast cancer activity.
    Hsp90-Cdc37-IN-4
  • HY-178911
    TS-IN-8
    		Inducer
    TS-IN-8 is a potent thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor. TS-IN-8 can induce apoptosis and cause cell cycle arrest at the G2/M in MCF-7 cells. TS-IN-8 can induce nuclear morphological changes. TS-IN-8 can increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. TS-IN-8 can activate intrinsic apoptosis pathways by regulating apoptosis-related proteins such as the bax/bcl-2 ratio and caspase activation. TS-IN-8 can be used for the study of breast cancer.
    TS-IN-8
  • HY-13735H
    Quinacrine acetate
    		Inducer
    Quinacrine (Acriquine) acetate is a small molecule modulator of the cGAS-STING-TBK1 signaling pathway, possessing immune stimulatory activity. Quinacrine acetate has been explored for its potential therapeutic applications in enhancing anti-tumor immunity. Quinacrine acetate can improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies by addressing the poor immunogenicity of various tumors. Quinacrine acetate also presents a promising strategy for overcoming the limitations associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment.
    Quinacrine acetate
  • HY-175857
    HDAC-IN-92
    		Inducer
    HDAC-IN-92 is a pan-HDAC inhibitor with an IC50 of 12.58 µM in A2780 cells. HDAC-IN-92 demonstrates broad-spectrum, notable cytotoxic activity against a range of human cancer cell lines, including ovarian, liver, and breast carcinomas. HDAC-IN-92 causes apoptosis and demonstrates a notable decrease in tumor cell colony formation. HDAC-IN-92 inhibits the formation of blood vessels in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). HDAC-IN-92 exhibits anti-tumor effect in a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model. HDAC-IN-92 can be used for research targeting solid tumor.
    HDAC-IN-92
  • HY-150511
    3-(3-Phenoxybenzyl)amino-β-carboline
    		Inducer
    3-(3-Phenoxybenzyl)amino-β-carboline is a potent tubulin inhibitor. 3-(3-Phenoxybenzyl)amino-β-carboline promotes selective degradation of αβ-tubulin heterodimers. 3-(3-Phenoxybenzyl)amino-β-carboline induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. 3-(3-Phenoxybenzyl)amino-β-carboline exhibits anticancer activity.
    3-(3-Phenoxybenzyl)amino-β-carboline
  • HY-147359
    Boanmycin
    		Inducer
    Boanmycin is an antibiotic with antitumor activity that induces cellular senescence and apoptosis.
    Boanmycin
  • HY-W015084S
    β-Ionone-13C3
    		Inducer
    β-Ionone-13C3 is the 13C-labeled β-Ionone. β-Ionone is effective in the induction of apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells. Anti-cancer activity.
    β-Ionone-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-162098
    PROTAC tubulin-Degrader-1
    		Inducer
    PROTAC tubulin-Degrader-1 is a α/β/β3-tubulin PROTAC degrader. PROTAC tubulin-Degrader-1 exhibits potent anti-proliferative activity against multiple human tumor cell lines. PROTAC tubulin-Degrader-1 induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis and inhibits colony formation in A549 and A549/Taxol cells. PROTAC tubulin-Degrader-1demonstrates potent anti-tumor efficacy in A549 and A549/Taxol (Taxol-resistant) xenograft model. PROTAC tubulin-Degrader-1 can be used for the study of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (Pink: Tubulin ligand (HY-N2146), Blue: CRBN Ligand (HY-10984), Black: Linker (HY-N6056)).
    PROTAC tubulin-Degrader-1
  • HY-W778286
    Enterolactone-13C3
    Enterolactone-13C3 is the 13C-labeled Enterolactone (HY-108692). Enterolactone is a bioactive phenolic metabolite known as a mammalian lignan derived from dietary lignans. Enterolactone has estrogenic properties and anti-breast cancer activity. Enterolactone is a radiosensitizer for human breast cancer cell lines through impaired DNA repair and increased apoptosis.
    Enterolactone-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-135336AS
    (S)-Verapamil-d7 (hydrochloride)
    		Inducer
    (S)-Verapamil-d7 (hydrochloride) is a deuterium labeled (S)-Verapamil hydrochloride. (S)-Verapamil hydrochloride (S(-)-Verapamil hydrochloride) inhibits leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and calcein transport by MRP1. (S)-Verapamil hydrochloride leads to the death of potentially resistant tumor cells.
    (S)-Verapamil-d<sub>7</sub> (hydrochloride)
  • HY-B0166S2
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-1
    		99.90%
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-1 is the 13C labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen
    L-Ascorbic acid-<sup>13</sup>C-1
  • HY-169921
    c-Myc inhibitor 15
    c-Myc inhibitor 15 (Compound A5) is a selective c-Myc inhibitor that exerts anticancer effects by disrupting the interaction between c-Myc and Max, leading to the degradation of c-Myc protein and the induction of apoptosis. Its IC50 values are 4.08 μM and 7.86 μM in A549 and NCI-H1299 lung cancer cell lines, respectively, demonstrating strong cytotoxic activity. In a syngeneic tumor model, c-Myc inhibitor 15 exhibited outstanding antitumor efficacy, achieving a tumor growth inhibition rate of 76.4% and significantly reducing c-Myc protein expression levels. c-Myc inhibitor 15 holds promise for research related to c-Myc-driven lung cancers.
    c-Myc inhibitor 15
  • HY-112538
    1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.22%
    1-1-Naphthylpiperazine hydrochloride (1-NP hydrochloride; 1-Naphthylpiperazine hydrochloride) is a serotonergic derivative of quipazine, which is both an agonist for 5-HT1A receptor and an antagonist for 5-HT2A receptor. 1-1-Naphthylpiperazine hydrochloride induces cell apoptosis. 1-1-Naphthylpiperazine hydrochloride prevents the immunosuppression and photocarcinogenesis.
    1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine hydrochloride
  • HY-N0307R
    Ciwujianoside B (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ciwujianoside B (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ciwujianoside B. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ciwujianoside B is an orally active, blood-brain barrier penetrable radioprotective agent and memory enhancer. Ciwujianoside B reduces radiation-induced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, downregulates NF-κB and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and enhances the proliferative capacity of bone marrow cells. Ciwujianoside B enhances object recognition memory in normal mice and induces dendritic extension in primary cultured cortical neurons. Ciwujianoside B can be used in studies related to hematopoietic system radiation injury and memory enhancement.
    Ciwujianoside B (Standard)
  • HY-157330
    P-gp inhibitor 16
    		Inducer
    P-gp inhibitor 16 (compound 14) is a p-glycoprotein inhibitor. P-gp inhibitor 16 significantly increases Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and shows anticancer effects.
    P-gp inhibitor 16
  • HY-150025
    (4aS,8aR)-NPD-001
    		Inducer
    (4aS,8aR)-NPD-001 is a potent and allosteric inhibitor of DNMT3A. (4aS,8aR)-NPD-001 inhibits DNMT3A activity by disrupting protein-protein interactions. (4aS,8aR)-NPD-001 induces apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. (4aS,8aR)-NPD-001 induces differentiation of distinct AML cell lines including cells with mutated DNMT3A R882.
    (4aS,8aR)-NPD-001
  • HY-181031
    FGFR-IN-24
    		Inducer
    FGFR-IN-24 (Compound 8r) is a FGFR inhibitor. FGFR-IN-24 potently inhibits FGFR1/2/3 with IC50 values of 10.0, 6.9, and 30.2 nM, respectively. FGFR-IN-24 exhibits superior inhibitory activity toward FGFR1V561M, FGFR2V564F, and FGFR2N549K mutations with IC50 values of 6.8, 0.7, and 0.8 nM, respectively. FGFR-IN-24 induces Apoptosis. FGFR-IN-24 efficiently suppresses the phosphorylation of FGFR2 and its downstream signaling mediators (AKT and MAPK). FGFR-IN-24 demonstrates favorable antitumor efficacy in an RT112/84 bladder cancer xenograft model.
    FGFR-IN-24
  • HY-175039
    FAK-IN-28
    		Inducer
    FAK-IN-28 is an orally active FAK inhibitor (IC50 = 0.4 nM). FAK-IN-28 exhibits dual antiproliferative and anti-metastatic properties. FAK-IN-28 triggers caspase-3-dependent apoptosis via ROS elevation. FAK-IN-28 inhibits tumor growth without causing weight loss or hepatotoxicity. FAK-IN-28 is useful in the study of FAK-driven malignancies, such as colon cancer, cervical cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and melanoma.
    FAK-IN-28
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity