2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-182067
    anti-TNBC agent-15
    		Inducer
    anti-TNBC agent-15 is a platinum (IV) complex with anti-triple-negative breast cancer activity. anti-TNBC agent-15 inhibits cancer cell viability. anti-TNBC agent-15 reverses the resistance of triple-negative breast cancer cells to Cisplatin (HY-17394), increases intracellular uptake, and effectively triggers apoptosis by inducing DNA damage, enhancing intracellular ROS accumulation and activating the mitochondrial pathway. anti-TNBC agent-15 enhances lipid peroxidation, interferes with the signal transduction of the cystine/glutamate transporter-glutathione peroxidase axis, and induces ferroptosis. anti-TNBC agent-15 significantly inhibits tumor growth in triple-negative breast cancer/Cisplatin xenograft models. anti-TNBC agent-15 can be used for the research of triple-negative breast cancer.
    anti-TNBC agent-15
  • HY-10260S1
    Vandetanib-d4
    		Inducer
    Vandetanib-d4 is the deuterium labeled Vandetanib. Vandetanib (ZD6474) is a potent, orally active inhibitor of VEGFR2/KDR tyrosine kinase activity (IC50=40 nM). Vandetanib also has activity versus the tyrosine kinase activity of VEGFR3/FLT4 (IC50=110 nM) and EGFR/HER1 (IC50=500 nM).
    Vandetanib-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-108303
    Neridronate sodium
    		Inducer
    Neridronate sodium is a bisphosphonate. Bisphosphonates initiate the Apoptotic process. Neridronate sodium reduces the levels of bone resorption, bone turnover markers, the degree of back pain, and the risk of fractures. Neridronate sodium inhibits capillary tube formation. Neridronate sodium itself has weak anticancer activity, but liposomal encapsulation enhances this activity. Neridronate sodium can be used in research related to demineralizing metabolic bone diseases, thalassemia-associated osteoporosis, chronic inflammatory diseases, cancer, and osteogenesis imperfecta.
    Neridronate sodium
  • HY-181670
    WH23
    		Inducer
    WH23 is a dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 11 (DHRS11) inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.037 μM. WH23 binds to DHRS11, forming a hydrogen bond with the enzyme’s His210 residue. WH23 suppresses androgen receptor mRNA and protein expression, reduces c-Myc expression, and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. WH23 inhibits PI3K/AKT signaling by reducing phosphorylation of PDK1, AKT, mTOR, and ERK. WH23 enhances Capivasertib (HY-15431)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. WH23 can be used for the research of luminal androgen receptor-positive triple-negative breast cancer.
    WH23
  • HY-W014589S
    2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol-d19
    2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol-d19 (2,4-DTBP-d19) is the deuterium labeled 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (HY-W014589). 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) is an orally active RXRα activator and a human estrogen receptor ligand with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which can induce apoptosis in tumor cells. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol can activate the RXRα subtype in LXRα/RXRα, PPARγ/RXRα, and hormone receptor β/RXRα. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol also has antiviral and antifungal activities and has the potential to inhibit Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol can be used as an intermediate in the preparation of antioxidants and UV stabilizers, and is also used in the manufacture of drugs and fragrances.
    2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol-d<sub>19</sub>
  • HY-50759A
    Ispinesib mesylate
    		Inducer
    Ispinesib (SB-715992) mesylate is a specific inhibitor of kinesin spindle protein (KSP), with a Ki app of 1.7 nM.
    Ispinesib mesylate
  • HY-N0716AR
    Berberine hemisulfate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Berberine (hemisulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Berberine (hemisulfate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Berberine hemisulfate is the hemisulfate form of Berberine (HY-N0716). Berberine hemisulfate is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian. Berberine hemisulfate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibiobic, antitumor, cardiovascular protective and neuroprotective activity.
    Berberine hemisulfate (Standard)
  • HY-115907
    K20
    		Inhibitor
    K20 is a potent and selective KRas G12C inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.16 µM. K20 shows anticancer activity in H358 cells (IC50= 0.78 µM). K20 decreases the levels of phosphorylated Erk and leads to cancer cell apoptosis. K20 suppresses NCI-H358 tumor growth with a TGI of 41% without causing obvious toxicity.
    K20
  • HY-120736
    MEB55
    		Inducer
    MEB55 is an antitumor agent. MEB55 shows anti-proliferative activity. MEB55 has the potential for the research of prostate cancer.
    MEB55
  • HY-134563
    Z-Asp(OMe)-Gln-Met-Asp(OMe)-FMK
    		Inhibitor
    Z-Asp(OMe)-Gln-Met-Asp(OMe)-FMK is an inhibitor for caspase-3, and inhibits Dihydroartemisinin (HY-N0176) and Dictamnine (HY-N0849) co-induced apoptosis.
    Z-Asp(OMe)-Gln-Met-Asp(OMe)-FMK
  • HY-177740
    BTX306
    		Inducer
    BTX306 is a cereblon-targeting molecular glue degrader. BTX306 reduces myeloma cell viability and induces apoptosis. BTX306 overcomes myeloma cell resistance to Lenalidomide (HY-A0003) or Bortezomib (HY-10227). BTX306 is active against primary myeloma cells, and shows efficacy in vivo. BTX306 can be used for myeloma research.
    BTX306
  • HY-174231
    EGFR-IN-163
    		Inducer
    EGFR-IN-163 (Compound 13) is a competitive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor (IC50=0.079 μM, selective for HER-2 inhibition). EGFR-IN-163 induces tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G₂/M phase. EGFR-IN-163 is promising for research of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer.
    EGFR-IN-163
  • HY-147913
    PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-3
    		Inducer
    PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-3 (compound 3d) is a potent PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitor. PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-3 displays the inhibitory activity in MCF-7, HeLa and HepG2 cells, with IC50 values of 0.77, 1.23, and 4.57μM, respectively. PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-3 inhibits the migration of MCF-7 and HeLa cells at the concentration of 4 μM. PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-3 induces cell apoptosis and S phase arrest.
    PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-3
  • HY-W777393
    Umbelliferone-13C6
    Umbelliferone-13C6 (7-Hydroxycoumarin-13C6) is the 13C-labeled Umbelliferone (HY-N0573). Umbelliferone (7-Hydroxycoumarin), a natural orally active product of the coumarin family, is a fluorescing compound which can be used as a sunscreen agent. Umbelliferone induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in HepG2 cells. Umbelliferone exhibits significant anticancer effects. Umbelliferone attenuates the alteration characteristics of allergic airway inflammation. Umbelliferone displays the neuroprotective effects and cross the blood-brain barrier. Umbelliferone exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in chronic alcohol-fed rats.
    Umbelliferone-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-149573
    Thalidomide-4-O-C11-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Thalidomide-4-O-C11-NH2 hydrochloride is the Thalidomide (HY-10984)-based cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein.Thalidomide-4-O-C11-NH2 hydrochloride can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-4-O-C11-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-B0764B
    Bucladesine
    		Inducer
    Bucladesine (Dibutyryl cAMP; DBcAMP) is a membrane-permeable 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog. Bucladesine selectively activates cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) by increasing the intracellular level of cAMP. Bucladesine significantly attenuates MDMA-induced increases in hippocampal mitochondrial ROS formation, mitochondrial outer membrane damage, cytochrome c release, and hippocampal ADP/ATP ratio, thereby improving spatial learning and memory impairments. Bucladesine exhibit anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammation effect. Bucladesine can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, induce apoptosis. Bucladesine can be used for the researches of neurological disease, cancer, inflammation.
    Bucladesine
  • HY-N2342R
    Procyanidin C1 (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Procyanidin C1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Procyanidin C1. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a natural polyphenol with oral activity, causes DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. Procyanidin C1 decreases the level of Bcl-2, but enhances BAX, caspase 3 and 9 expression in cancer cells. Procyanidin C1 shows senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice.
    Procyanidin C1 (Standard)
  • HY-13271AG
    Tubastatin A (GMP)
    		Inducer
    Tubastatin A (GMP) is the Tubastatin A (HY-13271A) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Tubastatin A is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 15 nM in a cell-free assay, and is selective (1000-fold more) against all other isozymes except HDAC8 (57-fold more). Tubastatin A also inhibits HDAC10 and metallo-β-lactamase domain-containing protein 2 (MBLAC2).
    Tubastatin A (GMP)
  • HY-171737
    Anti-SLC34A2 (Lifastuzumab)-McMMAF
    		Inducer
    Anti-SLC34A2 (Lifastuzumab)-McMMAF is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of the humanized anti-SLC34A2 (sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 2) antibody Lifastuzumab (HY-P99970) conjugated to the protective group maleimidocaproyl and the tubulin inhibitor MMAF (HY-15579). The ADC toxic molecule and linker part McMMAF (HY-15578). Anti-SLC34A2 (Lifastuzumab)-McMMAF induces apoptosis and can be used in cancer research.
    Anti-SLC34A2 (Lifastuzumab)-McMMAF
  • HY-181130
    Anticancer agent 299
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 299 (compound P12) is a cell-cycle inhibitor, senescence inducer, apoptosis inducer, and antiproliferative agent. Anticancer agent 299 exhibits selective activity against cancer cells with minimal effects on non-tumoral chondrocyte cells at relevant concentrations. Anticancer agent 299 can be used for the research of ER+/HER2− breast cancer and BRAF-mutant melanoma.
    Anticancer agent 299
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity