Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health^[1]^[2]^[3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets^[1]^[2]^[3].

References:

[1]. Seyedsayamdost MR. Toward a global picture of bacterial secondary metabolism. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Mar;46(3-4):301-311.

[2]. Ruiz B, et al. Production of microbial secondary metabolites: regulation by the carbon source. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2010 May;36(2):146-67.

[3]. Wishart DS. Metabolomics for Investigating Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes. Physiol Rev. 2019 Oct 1;99(4):1819-1875.

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8492)
Antibodies (477)
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

By Effects:	Inhibitors (66) Agonists (3) Controls (2) Antagonist (1) Activators (7) Modulators (9) Chemicals (14) Inducers (6)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Effect	Purity	Chemical Structure

HY-N0733R

Glucosamine hydrochloride (Standard)
Glucosamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glucosamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine hydrochloride also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.

HY-20685R

Palmitoylethanolamide (Standard)
Palmitoylethanolamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Palmitoylethanolamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Palmitoylethanolamide (Palmidrol) is an active endogenous compound which can used for preventing virus infection of the respiratory tract.

HY-17411R

Limonin (Standard)
Limonin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Limonin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Limonin inhibits HIV-1 with an EC₅₀ of 60.0 μM. Limonin induces human colon adenocarcinoma cells apoptosis with an IC₅₀ of 54.74 μM. Limonin has antiviral and antitumor activities.

HY-B0158S1

Cytidine-¹³C		99.0%
Cytidine-¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Cytidine. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine

HY-B0234S1

Estrone-d₂		99.78%
Estrone-d₂ is the deuterium labeled Estrone. Estrone (E1) is a natural estrogenic hormone. Estrone is the main representative of the endogenous estrogens and is produced by several tissues, especially adipose tissue. Estrone is the result of the process of aromatization of androstenedione that occurs in fat cells.

HY-W015913S3

Pyruvic acid-¹³C-1 sodium		98.90%
Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS.

HY-W050145S2

Levoglucosan-¹³C₆		99.7%
Levoglucosan-¹³C₆ is the ¹³C labeled Levoglucosan. Levoglucosan (1,6-Anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose) is an anhydrosugar produced through glucan pyrolysis and is widely found in nature.

HY-W018772S1

D-Ribose-¹³C		99.93%
D-Ribose-¹³C is the ¹³C labeled D-Ribose. D-Ribose is an energy enhancer, and acts as a sugar moiety of ATP, and widely used as a metabolic therapy supplement for chronic fatigue syndrome or cardiac energy metabolism. D-Ribose is active in protein glycati

HY-17563S3

2'-Deoxyguanosine-d₁₃		99.9%
2'-Deoxyguanosine-d₁₃ (Deoxyguanosine-d₁₃; Guanine deoxyriboside-d₁₃) is deuterium labeled 2'-Deoxyguanosine (HY-17563). 2'-Deoxyguanosine (Deoxyguanosine) is deoxyguanosine.

HY-16637S3

Folic acid-¹³C₅
Folic acid-¹³C₅ is the ¹³C-labeled Folic acid. Folic acid (Vitamin M; Vitamin B9) is a B vitamin; is necessary for the production and maintenance of new cells, for DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis.

HY-113066S

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate-¹⁵N₅ dilithium		98.20%
Guanosine 5'-diphosphate-¹⁵N₅ (GDP-¹⁵N₅) dilithium is ¹⁵N labeled Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (HY-113066). Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) is a nucleoside diphosphate that activates adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive K⁺ channel. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate is a potential iron mobilizer, which prevents the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction and modulates the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/stat-3 pathway. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate can be used in the research of inflammation, such as anemia of inflammation (AI).

HY-N0650S3

L-Serine-¹³C₃,¹⁵N,d₃		≥99.90%
L-Serine-¹³C₃,¹⁵N,d₃ is the deuterium, ¹³C-, and 15-labeled L-Serine. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation.

HY-135867A

NHC-triphosphate tetrasodium
NHC-triphosphate tetrasodium is an active phosphorylated intracellular metabolite of β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) (HY-125033) as a triphosphate form. NHC-triphosphate tetrasodium is a weak alternative substrate for the viral polymerase and can be incorporated into HCV replicon RNA.

HY-109051A

Arfolitixorin calcium
Arfolitixorin calcium is a bioactive compound that acts as an enzyme substrate. Arfolitixorin calcium is used as a substrate for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase to generate 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Arfolitixorin calcium may have potential applications in neurobiological research, particularly in studies related to gene expression and metabolism. Research on arfolitixorin calcium helps reveal the functional genetics of bird genes.

HY-113469B

Cyclic GMP TBAOH
Cyclic GMP (cGMP) TBAOH, an important second messenger, is a major intracellular mediator of extracellular signals such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Effects of Cyclic GMP TBAOH occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), cGMP-gated cation channels, and PDEs. Cyclic GMP can inhibit both platelet adhesion and aggregation. cGAMP (Cyclic-GMP-AMP) (HY-12512), a conjugate of Cyclic GMP and AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enhancing antiviral immune responses.

HY-N0593S1

Deoxycholic acid-d₅		99.90%
Deoxycholic acid-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Deoxycholic acid. Deoxycholic acid is specifically responsible for activating the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 that stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity.

HY-N0384S

Homovanillic acid-d₃		98.44%
Homovanillic acid-d₃ (Vanilacetic acid-d₃) is the deuterium labeled Homovanillic acid (HY-N0384). Homovanillic acid (Vanilacetic acid) is a dopamine metabolite found to be associated with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, celiac disease, growth hormone deficiency, and sepiapterin reductase deficiency.

HY-B0502S

Enrofloxacin-d₅		99.82%
Enrofloxacin-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Enrofloxacin. Enrofloxacin (BAY Vp 2674) is an effective antibiotic with an MIC90 of 0.312 μg/mL for Mycoplasma bovis.

HY-W011848S

Monobenzyl phthalate-d₄		99.35%
Monobenzyl phthalate-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Monobenzyl phthalate. Monobenzyl phthalate (2-((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)benzoic acid) is the urinary metabolite exposuring to phthalates, such as, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP).

HY-N0111S2

Coenzyme Q10-d₉		98.52%
Coenzyme Q10-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

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Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8492)

Antibodies (477)

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8492):