CCL4 Protein, Human

CCL4 Protein, Human is a small cytokine of the CC chemokine subfamily that binds to the CCR5 chemokine receptor on the cell surface, promotes leukocyte aggregation under various inflammatory conditions, and contributes to immune protection against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. CCL4 Protein, Human is a recombinant human CCL4 (A24-N92) expressed by E. coli^[1].

CCL4, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1β), belongs to the CC chemokine family and is a protein encoded in humans by the CCL4 gene, which belongs to the 17q11-q21 region of chromosome 17 and has a molecular weight of approximately 8-10 kDa. CCL4 can be produced by monocytes, B cells, T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells^[1]. CCL4 acts as a chemokine that binds to the G protein-coupled receptors CCR5 and CCR8 and acts as a chemoattractant for natural killer cells, monocytes and various other immune cells at sites of inflammation or damaged tissues. In parallel, CCL4 can also act as a major HIV suppressor produced by CD8+ T cells, inducing dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2 and monkey immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Among them, the N-terminal processed form CCL4 (3-69), produced by proteolytic cleavage of peripheral blood lymphocytes after secretion, retains the ability to induce down-regulation of chemokine receptor CCR5 surface expression and inhibit CCR5-mediated HIV-1 entry into T cells^[2].

1. The ED₅₀ is <100 ng/mL as measured by CHO-K1/Gα15/hCCR5 cells (human Gα15 and human CCR5 stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells).
2. Measured by its ability to chemoattract THP-1 human acute monocytic leukemia cells. The ED₅₀ this effect is 2.785 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 3.59×10⁵ U/mg.

• 
  Measured by its ability to chemoattract THP-1 human acute monocytic leukemia cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 2.785 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 3.59×10⁵ U/mg.

Human

E. coli

Tag Free

P13236 (A24-N92)

6351  [NCBI]

APMGSDPPTACCFSYTARKLPRNFVVDYYETSSLCSQPAVVFQTKRSKQVCADPSESWVQEYVYDLELN

7-17 kDa

• 
  Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder.

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS or 20 mM PB, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. S G Irving, et al. Two inflammatory mediator cytokine genes are closely linked and variably amplified on chromosome 17q. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Jun 11;18(11):3261-70.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Patricia Menten, et al. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2002 Dec;13(6):455-81.  [Content Brief]