Rosmarinic acid
Based on 18 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.73%
- CAS No.: 20283-92-5
- Formula: C18H16O8
- Molecular Weight:360.31
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Rosmarinic acid
More- Nat Aging. 2024 Sep;4(9):1231-1248. [Abstract]
- J Hazard Mater. 2026 Mar 15:506:141417. [Abstract]
- Food Chem. 2024 Jul 1:459:140298. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Oct 26:148:157482. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Oct 28:S0891-5849(25)01322-X. [Abstract]
- PLoS Biol. 2024 Jun 27;22(6):e3002672. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Jul 2;73(26):16557-16572. [Abstract]
- Chin Med. 2023 Oct 27;18(1):139. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Aug 10:330:118196. [Abstract]
- Foods. 2026 Apr 9;15(8):1293. [Abstract]
- Life Sci. 2023 Oct 1:330:121912. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 30;25(23):12909. [Abstract]
- Mol Immunol. 2024 Jul:171:105-114. [Abstract]
- Exp Eye Res. 2024 May 24:109944. [Abstract]
- Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2023 Mar;50(3):218-227. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Sep 3;503(1):297-303. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Dec 15.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Apr 3:2023.06.02.542933. [Abstract]
Customer Validation & Images
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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IP
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RT-PCR
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IF
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
IC50: 50.1 μM (MAO-A), 184.6 μM (MAO-B), 26.7 μM (COMT)[1]
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HeLa | IC50 |
0.96 μM
Compound: 5
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Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth and measured after 72 hrs resazurin reduction assay
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth and measured after 72 hrs resazurin reduction assay
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[PMID: 36126331] |
| HeLa | IC50 |
16.2 μM
Compound: 4
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Inhibition of transcription factor AP-1 binding to oligonucleotide containing TPA-responsive element in TPA-activated human HeLa cells after 1 hr by ELISA
Inhibition of transcription factor AP-1 binding to oligonucleotide containing TPA-responsive element in TPA-activated human HeLa cells after 1 hr by ELISA
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[PMID: 24491635] |
| HT-22 | EC50 |
86 μM
Compound: 23
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Neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced cell death in mouse HT-22 cells assessed as increase in cell viability after 24 hrs by EZ-Cytox assay
Neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced cell death in mouse HT-22 cells assessed as increase in cell viability after 24 hrs by EZ-Cytox assay
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[PMID: 32991171] |
| MOLM-13 | IC50 |
2.9 μM
Compound: 19
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Antiproliferative activity against human MOLM13 cells by Cell-Titer Glo assay
Antiproliferative activity against human MOLM13 cells by Cell-Titer Glo assay
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[PMID: 30370766] |
| MOLM-14 | IC50 |
7.1 μM
Compound: 19
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Antiproliferative activity against human MOLM14 cells by Cell-Titer Glo assay
Antiproliferative activity against human MOLM14 cells by Cell-Titer Glo assay
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[PMID: 30370766] |
| MT4 | CC50 |
55 μM
Compound: rosmarinic acid, 1
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Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells by MTT method
Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells by MTT method
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[PMID: 18351727] |
| MT4 | EC50 |
>55 μM
Compound: rosmarinic acid, 1
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Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction of virus-induced cytopathogenicity by MTT assay
Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction of virus-induced cytopathogenicity by MTT assay
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[PMID: 18351727] |
| MV4-11 | IC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 19
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Antiproliferative activity against human MV4-11 cells by Cell-Titer Glo assay
Antiproliferative activity against human MV4-11 cells by Cell-Titer Glo assay
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[PMID: 30370766] |
| PC-12 | EC50 |
57.2 μM
Compound: rosmarinic acid
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Inhibition of amyloid beta (1 to 42 residues) (unknown origin) aggregate-induced toxicity in rat PC12 cells assessed as cell viability at 4 to 100 ug/ml pre-incubated for 24 hrs with Abeta ( 1 to 42) followed by compound-Abeta (1 to 42) mixture addition t
Inhibition of amyloid beta (1 to 42 residues) (unknown origin) aggregate-induced toxicity in rat PC12 cells assessed as cell viability at 4 to 100 ug/ml pre-incubated for 24 hrs with Abeta ( 1 to 42) followed by compound-Abeta (1 to 42) mixture addition t
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[PMID: 26517152] |
| PC-12 | EC50 |
68.1 μM
Compound: rosmarinic acid
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Inhibition of amyloid beta (25 to 35 residues) (unknown origin) aggregate-induced toxicity in rat PC12 cells preincubated for 1 hr followed by amyloid beta challenge measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay
Inhibition of amyloid beta (25 to 35 residues) (unknown origin) aggregate-induced toxicity in rat PC12 cells preincubated for 1 hr followed by amyloid beta challenge measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 26517152] |
| PC-3 | IC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 5
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Cytotoxicity against human PC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth and measured after 72 hrs resazurin reduction assay
Cytotoxicity against human PC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth and measured after 72 hrs resazurin reduction assay
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[PMID: 36126331] |
| RAW264.7 | IC50 |
34.2 μM
Compound: 25
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Antiinflammatory activity against LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as decrease in PGE2 production preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by ELISA
Antiinflammatory activity against LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as decrease in PGE2 production preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by ELISA
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[PMID: 31747281] |
| Sf9 | IC50 |
1.3 μM
Compound: Rosmarinic acid
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Inhibition of human Fyn expressed in Sf9 cells after 20 mins by ELISA in presence of 1 umol/L ATP
Inhibition of human Fyn expressed in Sf9 cells after 20 mins by ELISA in presence of 1 umol/L ATP
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[PMID: 17315853] |
| Sf9 | IC50 |
17 μM
Compound: Rosmarinic acid
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Inhibition of human Fyn expressed in Sf9 cells after 20 mins by ELISA in presence of 100 umol/L ATP
Inhibition of human Fyn expressed in Sf9 cells after 20 mins by ELISA in presence of 100 umol/L ATP
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[PMID: 17315853] |
| Sf9 | IC50 |
3.6 μM
Compound: Rosmarinic acid
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Inhibition of human Fyn expressed in Sf9 cells after 20 mins by ELISA in presence of 10 umol/L ATP
Inhibition of human Fyn expressed in Sf9 cells after 20 mins by ELISA in presence of 10 umol/L ATP
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[PMID: 17315853] |
| Sf9 | IC50 |
36 μM
Compound: Rosmarinic acid
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Inhibition of human Fyn expressed in Sf9 cells after 1 min by ELISA in presence of 1 umol/L ATP
Inhibition of human Fyn expressed in Sf9 cells after 1 min by ELISA in presence of 1 umol/L ATP
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[PMID: 17315853] |
| Sf9 | IC50 |
63 μM
Compound: Rosmarinic acid
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Inhibition of human Fyn expressed in Sf9 cells after 1 min by ELISA in presence of 100 umol/L ATP
Inhibition of human Fyn expressed in Sf9 cells after 1 min by ELISA in presence of 100 umol/L ATP
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[PMID: 17315853] |
| Sf9 | IC50 |
74 μM
Compound: Rosmarinic acid
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Inhibition of human Fyn expressed in Sf9 cells after 1 min by ELISA in presence of 10 umol/L ATP
Inhibition of human Fyn expressed in Sf9 cells after 1 min by ELISA in presence of 10 umol/L ATP
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[PMID: 17315853] |
| SH-SY5Y | IC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 5
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Cytotoxicity against human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth and measured after 72 hrs resazurin reduction assay
Cytotoxicity against human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth and measured after 72 hrs resazurin reduction assay
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[PMID: 36126331] |
Rosmarinic acid (RA) shows an in vitro multifunctional profile characterized by antioxidant effects, and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibition. Rosmarinic acid shows antioxidant effects against hydroxyl (HO-) and nitric oxide (NO) radicals (IC50 of 29.4 and 140 μM, respectively), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (IC50 of 19.6 μM)[1]. Rosmarinic acid (RA) exerts a significant cytoprotective effect by scavenging intracellular ROS induced by UVB. In H2O2-treated cells, 2.5 μM Rosmarinic acid scavenges 60% of intracellular ROS compared to 77% of intracellular ROS scavenging effect in N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 20283-92-5
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 360.31
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Formula C18H16O8
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Color Off-white to light brown
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SMILES
OC([C@H](OC(/C=C/C1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1)=O)CC2=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2)=O
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Synonyms
Labiatenic acid
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Structure Classification
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 1 year -20°C 6 months
Publications (18)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nat Aging
Targeting senescence induced by age or chemotherapy with a polyphenol-rich natural extract improves longevity and healthspan in mice. [Abstract]2024 Sep;4(9):1231-1248. PMID: 38951692 -
J Hazard Mater
Ammonia-induced exosomal miRNA disrupts autophagy and promotes lung injury: Therapeutic potential of natural compounds. [Abstract]2026 Mar 15:506:141417. PMID: 41775203 -
Food Chem
New findings on post-mortem chicken quality changes: The ROS-influenced MAPK-JNK signaling pathway affects chicken quality by regulating muscle cell apoptosis. [Abstract]2024 Jul 1:459:140298. PMID: 39018616 -
Phytomedicine
Rosmarinic acid alleviates doxorubicin-induced cellular senescence and cardiotoxicity by targeting the 14-3-3/Foxo1 signaling axis. [Abstract]2025 Oct 26:148:157482. PMID: 41175577
Rosmarinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Oct 26:148:157482. [Abstract]
Detection of cell viability of senescent HL-1 cells treated with different concentrations of Rosmarinic acid (RA) (1.5625-50 μM) and 10 μM ABT263 for 24 h.
Rosmarinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Oct 26:148:157482. [Abstract]
The representative graphs of SA-β-gal staining and statistical result of SA-β-gal positive cell number in the NC, NC + Rosmarinic acid (RA) (20 mg/kg; i.g.), DOX and DOX + RA groups.
Rosmarinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Oct 26:148:157482. [Abstract]
Rosmarinic acid (RA) (400 μM) interacted with the Ywhaq protein in cells via the pull-down assay, followed by Western-blot.
Rosmarinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Oct 26:148:157482. [Abstract]
Rosmarinic acid (RA) (20 μM, 24 h) treatment and Ywhaq overexpression downregulated the mRNA expression of senescence markers (p21, p53), embryonic cardiac genes (Anp, Bnp), and the fibrosis-related gene Col1a1 compared to DOX-induced HL-1 cells.
Rosmarinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Oct 26:148:157482. [Abstract]
Rosmarinic acid (RA) (20 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg; i.g.) treatment effectively attenuated DOX-induced p21 expression increase and restored the expression of both Ywhaq and Ywhaz.
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Free Radic Biol Med
Rosmarinic Acid suppresses ferroptosis and confers neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion via direct KEAP1 inhibition and NRF2 activation. [Abstract]2025 Oct 28:S0891-5849(25)01322-X. PMID: 41167534 -
PLoS Biol
2024 Jun 27;22(6):e3002672. PMID: 38935621 -
J Agric Food Chem
Rosmarinic Acid Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetic Osteoporosis by Reducing NLRP3 Expression and Alleviating Osteoblast Pyroptosis via the FOXO1/TXNIP Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jul 2;73(26):16557-16572. PMID: 40552618 -
Chin Med
Rosmarinic acid treatment protects against lethal H1N1 virus-mediated inflammation and lung injury by promoting activation of the h-PGDS-PGD2-HO-1 signal axis. [Abstract]2023 Oct 27;18(1):139. PMID: 37891648 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Rosmarinic acid alleviates toosendanin-induced liver injury through restoration of autophagic flux and lysosomal function by activating JAK2/STAT3/CTSC pathway. [Abstract]2024 Aug 10:330:118196. PMID: 38631488 -
Foods
Design of a Plant-Based Smoothie: Exploiting Ingredient Complementarity for a Diversified (Poly)phenolic Profile Quantified by Targeted LC-MS/MS Analysis. [Abstract]2026 Apr 9;15(8):1293. PMID: 42073181 -
Life Sci
Gut microbiota disorder induces liver dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome rats' model by regulating metabolite rosmarinic acid. [Abstract]2023 Oct 1:330:121912. PMID: 37423380 -
Int J Mol Sci
Echium amoenum and Rosmarinic Acid Suppress the Growth and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer AGS Cells by Promoting Apoptosis and Inhibiting EMT. [Abstract]2024 Nov 30;25(23):12909. PMID: 39684626 -
Mol Immunol
Rosmarinic acid activates the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway to regulate CD8+ T cells and autophagy to clear Chlamydia trachomatis in reproductive tract-infected mice. [Abstract]2024 Jul:171:105-114. PMID: 38820902 -
Exp Eye Res
Rosmarinic acid alleviates fungal keratitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus by inducing macrophage autophagy. [Abstract]2024 May 24:109944. PMID: 38797260 -
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol
Rosmarinic acid protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction via activating Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway to alleviate mitochondrial impairment. [Abstract]2023 Mar;50(3):218-227. PMID: 36350269 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Effects of intracellular iron overload on cell death and identification of potent cell death inhibitors. [Abstract]2018 Sep 3;503(1):297-303. PMID: 29890135 -
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bioRxiv
An efficient behavioral screening platform classifies natural products and other chemical cues according to their chemosensory valence in C. elegans. [Abstract]2024 Apr 3:2023.06.02.542933. PMID: 37333363
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (138.77 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 2 mg/mL (5.55 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.77 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.77 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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-
-
-
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
-
+%Tween-80 + +
-
%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) are treated with Rosmarinic acid (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, or 5 μM) and exposed to UVB radiation 1 h later. They are then incubated at 37°C for 48 h. At this time, MTT is added to each well to obtain a total reaction volume of 200 μL. After 4 h incubation, the supernatant is removed by aspiration. The formazan crystals in each well are dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 150 μL), and the absorbance at 540 nm is measured on a scanning multi-well spectrophotometer[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Mice[3]
Experimental colitis is induced by giving mice drinking water ad libitum containing 5% (w/v) DSS for 7 days. Mice of each of the groups are monitored carefully every day to confirm that they have consumed an approximately equal volume of water containing DSS. For each experiment, the mice are divided into five experimental groups (n = 10/group). The first group is kept as the vehicle-treated control, and the second group is given drinking water with DSS only during the experimental period. The other three groups consist of mice receiving 5% DSS who are administrated 5-ASA (75 mg/kg/day p.o.) or Rosmarinic acid (30 or 60 mg/kg/day p.o.) daily for 7 days. Control groups are given the vehicle daily for 7 days as appropriate. Administration of each drug is initiated simultaneously with the DSS treatment.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Andrade JM, et al. Combining in vitro and in silico approaches to evaluate the multifunctional profile of rosmarinic acid from Blechnum brasiliense on targets related to neurodegeneration. Chem Biol Interact. 2016 Jul 25;254:135-45. [Content Brief]
[2]. Fernando PM, et al. Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates Cell Damage against UVB Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress via Enhancing Antioxidant Effects in Human HaCaT Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2016 Jan;24(1):75-84. [Content Brief]
[3]. Jin BR, et al. Rosmarinic acid suppresses colonic inflammation in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced mice via dual inhibition of NF-κB and STAT3 activation. Sci Rep. 2017 Apr 6;7:46252. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 2.7754 mL | 13.8769 mL | 27.7539 mL | 69.3847 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5551 mL | 2.7754 mL | 5.5508 mL | 13.8769 mL | |
| DMSO | 10 mM | 0.2775 mL | 1.3877 mL | 2.7754 mL | 6.9385 mL |
| 15 mM | 0.1850 mL | 0.9251 mL | 1.8503 mL | 4.6256 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1388 mL | 0.6938 mL | 1.3877 mL | 3.4692 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1110 mL | 0.5551 mL | 1.1102 mL | 2.7754 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0925 mL | 0.4626 mL | 0.9251 mL | 2.3128 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0694 mL | 0.3469 mL | 0.6938 mL | 1.7346 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0555 mL | 0.2775 mL | 0.5551 mL | 1.3877 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0463 mL | 0.2313 mL | 0.4626 mL | 1.1564 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0347 mL | 0.1735 mL | 0.3469 mL | 0.8673 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0278 mL | 0.1388 mL | 0.2775 mL | 0.6938 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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