2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-172890
    Apoptosis inducer 37
    		Inducer
    Apoptosis inducer 37 (Derivative 10) is an apoptosis inducer. Apoptosis inducer 37 exerts anticancer effects by inducing S-G2/M cell cycle arrest and promoting cell apoptosis. Apoptosis inducer 37 has significant inhibitory activity against HCT116, SKOV3 and HepG2 cancer cells (IC50 values are 24.98 μM, 26.15 μM and 23.09 μM, respectively). Apoptosis inducer 37 has antitumor effects and can be used in ovarian cancer research.
    Apoptosis inducer 37
  • HY-N6704S
    Enniatin A1-13C35
    Enniatin A1-13C35 is the 13C-labeled Enniatin A1 (HY-N6704). Enniatin A1 isolated from Fusarium mycotoxins is a cyclic hexadepsipeptide consisting of alternating D-α-hydroxyisovaleric acids and N-methyl-L-amino acids. Enniatin A1 possesses anticarcinogenic properties by induction of apoptosis and disruption of ERK signalling pathway. Enniatin A1 inhibits ACAT with an IC50 of 49 μM in rat liver microsomes.
    Enniatin A1-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>35</sub>
  • HY-135276A
    Targaprimir-96 TFA
    		Inducer
    Targaprimir-96 TFA is a potent inhibitor of microRNA-96 (miR-96) processing. Targaprimir-96 TFA selectively modulates miR-96 production in cancer cells and triggers apoptosis. Targaprimir-96 TFA binds primary miR-96 (pri-miR-96) with low nanomolar affinity. Targaprimir-96 TFA directly engages pri-miR-96 in breast cancer cells and is ineffective on healthy breast cells.
    Targaprimir-96 TFA
  • HY-177497
    SKLB-03220
    		Inducer
    SKLB-03220 is a selective and orally active EZH2 covalent inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.72 nM for EZH2MUT. SKLB-03220 exhibits weak activities against other tested histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and kinases. SKLB-03220 displays noteworthy potency against ovarian cancer cell lines and induces cell apoptosis. SKLB-03220 significantly inhibits tumor growth in PA-1 xenograft model. SKLB-03220 can be used for the study of ovarian cancer.
    SKLB-03220
  • HY-N2026S
    Propylparaben-d7
    		Inducer
    Propylparaben-d7 (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate-d7) is the deuterium labeled Propylparaben (HY-N2026). Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antibacterial preservative that can be produced by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is an orally active weak estrogen receptor agonist. Propylparaben regulates the PI3K-AKT and JNK signaling pathways, and induces oxidative stress. Propylparaben is commonly used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods, and can be used in studies related to ovarian aging and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    Propylparaben-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-B0194AS
    Tizanidine-d4 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Tizanidine-d4 hydrochloride is deuterium labeled Tizanidine hydrochloride (HY-B0194A). Tizanidine hydrochloride, a skeletal muscle relaxant, is an orally effective central α2-adrenoceptor agonist (IC50 = 6.9 nmol). Tizanidine hydrochloride primarily exerts muscle relaxation effects by inhibiting the release of excitatory amino acids (glutamate and aspartate) from the presynaptic terminals of spinal cord interneurons. Tizanidine hydrochloride has anti-injury activity and can inhibit gastrointestinal (GI) transport. Tizanidine hydrochloride can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells and induce cell apoptosis by upregulating Nischarin and inhibiting the AKT and Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathways. Tizanidine hydrochloride can be used to treat spasticity caused by diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, and spinal cord injury (SCI).
    Tizanidine-d<sub>4</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-183336
    MEDS700
    		Inducer
    MEDS700 is a blood-brain barrier permeable inhibitor of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) with an IC50 of 1.5 nM. MEDS700 induces apoptosis and differentiation, and inhibits proliferation of cancer cells. MEDS700 can be used in research on acute myeloid leukemia and other conditions.
    MEDS700
  • HY-147983
    PI3Kα-IN-8
    		Inducer
    PI3Kα-IN-8 (Compound 9g) is a selective PI3Kα inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.012 μM. PI3Kα-IN-8 increases intracellular reactive oxygen species level, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential and induces apoptosis.
    PI3Kα-IN-8
  • HY-149568
    Thalidomide-5-O-C11-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-5-O-C11-NH2 hydrochloride is the Thalidomide (HY-10984)-based cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein.Thalidomide-5-O-C11-NH2 hydrochloride can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-5-O-C11-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-P1094
    AZ-10417808
    AZ-10417808 is a selective caspase-3 inhibitor. AZ-10417808 blocks apoptosis signaling pathway by inhibiting caspase-3 activity. AZ-10417808 can be used to study the effect of nicotine on plasmacytoid dendritic cell migration.
    AZ-10417808
  • HY-50295A
    CI-1040 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    CI-1040 (PD 184352) hydrochloride is an orally active, highly specific inhibitor of MEK, with an IC50 of 17 nM for MEK1.
    CI-1040 hydrochloride
  • HY-N16771
    Clausenidin
    		Inducer
    Clausenidin is a selective inhibitor targeting apoptosis-related pathways, including the mitochondrial pathway and death receptor pathway, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Clausenidin induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization by activating caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, upregulating the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and downregulating the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Clausenidin also inhibits VEGF expression and blocks angiogenesis, exerting anti-tumor activity. Clausenidin has inhibitory effects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC=200 μg/mL). Clausenidin can induce apoptosis in liver cancer cells, arrest the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, and inhibit tumor angiogenesis. Clausenidin can be used in the research of malignant tumors such as liver cancer.
    Clausenidin
  • HY-178133
    Pim-1 kinase-IN-14
    		Inducer
    Pim-1 kinase-IN-14 is a PIM-1 kinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 94 nM. Pim-1 kinase-IN-14 shows broad-spectrum and high-efficiency anticancer activity against multiple human cancer cell lines, including liver cancer (HepG-2), colon cancer (Caco-2), myeloid leukemia (NFS-60), and prostate cancer (PC-3) cells. Pim-1 kinase-IN-14exerts its anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and activating caspase 3/7. Pim-1 kinase-IN-14 can be used for the study of cancers associated with PIM-1 kinase overexpression.
    Pim-1 kinase-IN-14
  • HY-P10323
    T7 Peptide
    		Inducer
    T7 Peptide is a protein synthesis inhibitor and anti-angiogenic agent, with a Kd of 10 nM for human transferrin receptor. T7 Peptide inhibits the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt, the kinase activity of mTOR, as well as the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 in endothelial cells. T7 Peptide induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and protective autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and suppresses tumor growth in mouse models. T7 Peptide is applicable to research related to cancer, glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and glioma.
    T7 Peptide
  • HY-N13121
    Daphnegiravone D
    		Inducer
    Daphnegiravone D (compound 70) is an HDAC6 inhibitor with anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity. Daphnegiravone D can induce apoptosis and selectively inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells through the p38 and JNK MAPK pathways.
    Daphnegiravone D
  • HY-N0222R
    Avicularin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Avicularin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Avicularin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Avicularin is an orally active flavonoid. Avicularin inhibits NF-κB (p65), COX-2 and PPAR-γ activities. Avicularin has anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious anti-allergic, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumor activities.
    Avicularin (Standard)
  • HY-175634
    ALOX5 stabilizer-1
    		Inducer
    ALOX5 stabilizer-1 is an arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) stabilizer with a Kd of 7.26 μM. ALOX5 stabilizer-1 inhibits β-catenin protein levels and then suppresses STAT3 signal pathway. ALOX5 stabilizer-1 induces lung cancer cells apoptosis, inhibited cell migration and proliferation. ALOX5 stabilizer-1 can used for the study of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
    ALOX5 stabilizer-1
  • HY-161256
    Tubulin inhibitor 41
    		Activator
    Tubulin inhibitor 41 (Compd D19), a promising anti-GBM (glioblastoma) lead compound and tublin inhibitor with BBB permeability, induces G2/M phase arrest, resulted in cell apoptosis and inhibits the migration of U87 cells.
    Tubulin inhibitor 41
  • HY-W714898
    2-Hexadecanol
    		Inducer 98.0%
    2-Hexadecanol is a fatty acid based compound. 2-Hexadecanol can be isolated from marine organism Sea pen. 2-Hexadecanol induces Apoptosis, elevates the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8. 2-Hexadecanol exhibits anticancer activity against breast cancer and cervical cancer.
    2-Hexadecanol
  • HY-N14116
    Garlic oil
    		Inducer
    Garlic oil contains various organosulfur compounds with anticancer activities. Garlic oil can significantly activate apoptosis in lung tissue induced by NNK (HY-126477). Furthermore, Garlic oil can markedly reduce NNK-induced DNA damage and prevent the occurrence of lung cancer by inducing the expression of phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (HO-1, NQO-1, and GSTA1).
    Garlic oil
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity