2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N2587
    Irigenin
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Irigenin is a is a lead compound, and mediates its anti-metastatic effect by specifically and selectively blocking α9β1 and α4β1 integrins binding sites on C-C loop of Extra Domain A (EDA). Irigenin shows anti-cancer properties. It sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis via enhancing pro-apoptotic molecules in gastric cancer cells.
    Irigenin
  • HY-13636R
    Fulvestrant (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Fulvestrant (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fulvestrant. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fulvestrant (ICI 182780) is a pure antiestrogen and a potent estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist with an IC50 of 9.4 nM. Fulvestrant is also a GPR30 agonist. Fulvestrant effectively inhibits the growth of ER-positive MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 0.29 nM. Fulvestrant also induces autophagy and has antitumor efficacy.
    Fulvestrant (Standard)
  • HY-173591
    T0080
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    T0080 is a central nervous system-penetrant FPR1 inhibitor. By functionally blocking the FPR1 signaling pathway, T0080 effectively reduces neutrophil infiltration into ischemic brain tissue and maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. T0080 alleviates tPA-associated hemorrhagic transformation, inhibits demyelination responses and the expression of NOX2. T0080 also possesses anti-apoptotic (apoptosis) and anti-inflammatory properties, thereby protecting myelin and reducing neurological deficits. T0080 is widely used in studies related to ischemic stroke complicated by hemorrhagic transformation after tPA thrombolysis, as well as multiple sclerosis.
    T0080
  • HY-N0440
    Germacrone
    		Inducer 99.76%
    Germacrone is a sesquiterpene compound with multiple biological activities. Germacrone inhibits the H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A virus and the influenza B virus. Germacrone blocks the progressionof arthritis by regulating Th1/Th2 balance and inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Germacrone can arrest the cell cycle at G0/G1 and G2/M phases and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Germacrone inhibits 5α-reductase and has anti-androgenic effect. Germacrone has neuroprotective functions and can be used for the study of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Germacrone also has antioxidant activity.
    Germacrone
  • HY-15221
    Methylstat
    		Inducer 99.85%
    Methylstat is a potent histone demethylases inhibitor. Methylstat shows anti-proliferative activity with low cytotoxicity. Methylstat induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Methylstat increases the expression of p53 and p21 protein levels. Methylstat inhibits angiogenesis induced by various cytokines. Methylstat can be used as a chemical probe for addressing its role in angiogenesis.
    Methylstat
  • HY-N1511
    Ganoderic acid D
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Ganoderic acid D, a highly oxygenated tetracyclic triterpenoid, is the major active component of Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderic acid D upregulates the protein expression of SIRT3 and induces the deacetylated cyclophilin D (CypD) by SIRT3. Ganoderic acid D inhibits the energy reprogramming of colon cancer cells including glucose uptake, lactate production, pyruvate and acetyl-coenzyme production in colon cancer cells. Ganoderic acid D induces HeLa human cervical carcinoma apoptosis.
    Ganoderic acid D
  • HY-165740
    Ganglioside GD2
    		Inducer
    Ganglioside GD2 (Disialoganglioside GD2) is a tumor-associated antigen. Ganglioside GD2 shows limited expression in normal tissues but is overexpressed in multiple tumor types, and thus can serve as a target in cancer. Ganglioside GD2 is associated with tumor development and malignant phenotypes, and its mechanism of action relies on enhancing cell proliferation, motility, migration, adhesion and invasion, with specific effects depending on the tumor type.
    Ganglioside GD2
  • HY-P3993A
    (Gly14)-Humanin (human) acetate
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    (Gly14)-Humanin (human) (14-Glycine-Humanin (human)) acetate is an analog of Humanin in which the 14th amino acid serine was replaced with glycine (Gly). (Gly14)-Humanin (human) acetate has anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective functions.
    (Gly14)-Humanin (human) acetate
  • HY-134673A
    UZH1a
    		Inducer 99.90%
    UZH1a is a potent and selective METTL3 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 280 nM. UZH1a can be used for epitranscriptomic modulation of cellular processes. UZH1a has antitumor activity. UZH1a also can be used as a chemical probe for studying METTL3.
    UZH1a
  • HY-10181B
    Dasatinib monohydrate
    		Inducer 99.58%
    Dasatinib (BMS-354825) monohydrate is a highly potent, ATP competitive, orally active dual Src/Bcr-Abl inhibitor with potent antitumor activity. The Kis are 16 pM and 30 pM for Src and Bcr-Abl, respectively. Dasatinib monohydrate inhibits Bcr-Abl and Src with IC50s of <1.0 nM and 0.5 nM, respectively. Dasatinib monohydrate also induces apoptosis and autophagy.
    Dasatinib monohydrate
  • HY-109169
    Bomedemstat
    		Inducer 99.43%
    Bomedemstat (IMG-7289) is an orally active and irreversible lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor. Bomedemstat can increase H3K4 and H3K9 methylation, and then alter gene expression. Bomedemstat shows anti-cancer activities, inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.
    Bomedemstat
  • HY-12037
    Rigosertib sodium
    		Inducer 99.57%
    Rigosertib sodium (ON-01910 sodium) is a multi-kinase inhibitor and a selective anti-cancer agent, which induces apoptosis by inhibition the PI3K/Akt pathway, promotes the phosphorylation of histone H2AX and induces G2/M arrest in cell cycle. Rigosertib sodium is a selective and non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of PLK1 with an IC50 of 9 nM.
    Rigosertib sodium
  • HY-161779
    PLX-3618
    		Inducer 99.86%
    PLX-3618 is a molecular glue, that degrades BRD4 with DC50 of 12.2 nM. PLX-3618 promotes polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of BRD4 by recruiting of the E3 ligase substrate receptor, DCAF11. PLX-3618 inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cells, induces apoptosis in AML cells. PLX-3618 exhibits antitumor activity against AML in mouse models.
    PLX-3618
  • HY-168555
    YJ1206
    		Inducer
    YJ1206 is an orally active selective CDK12/CDK13 PROTAC degrader. YJ1206 induces DNA damage and genomic instability, activates the AKT pathway, and triggers apoptosis. YJ1206 reduces tumor cell viability, inhibits tumor growth, and attenuates tumor cell dissemination. YJ1206 is applicable to research related to prostate cancer and high-grade serous tubo-ovarian cancer.
    YJ1206
  • HY-P1007
    Z-VEID-FMK
    		Inhibitor
    Z-VEID-FMK (Z-VE(OMe)ID(OMe)-FMK) is a selective and irreversible caspase-6 peptide inhibitor. Z-VEID-FMK alleviates the drug-induced augmentation of caspase-6 activity, DNA fragmentation, and cell apoptosis.
    Z-VEID-FMK
  • HY-143230A
    Custirsen sodium
    Custirsen sodium is a highly specific antisense oligonucleotide that inhibits the production of clusterin , an antiapoptotic protein that is upregulated in response to chemotherapy and that confers treatment resistance.
    Custirsen sodium
  • HY-B1622
    Cyproheptadine
    		Inducer 99.92%
    Cyproheptadine is a potent and orally active 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, with antidepressant and antiserotonergic effects. Cyproheptadine has antiplatelet and thromboprotective activities. Cyproheptadine can be used for the research of thromboembolic disorders.
    Cyproheptadine
  • HY-B0656A
    Rabeprazole sodium
    		Inducer 99.9%
    Rabeprazole sodium (LY307640 sodium) is a second-generation proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that irreversibly inactivates gastric H+/K+-ATPase. Rabeprazole sodium induces apoptosis. Rabeprazole sodium acts as an uridine nucleoside ribohydrolase (UNH) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.3 μM. Rabeprazole sodium can be used for the research of gastric ulcerations and gastroesophageal reflux.
    Rabeprazole sodium
  • HY-148409
    MMRi62
    		Inducer 99.59%
    MMRi62, a ferroptosis inducer targeting MDM2-MDM4 (negative regulators of tumor suppressor p53). MMRi62 shows a P53-independent pro-apoptotic activity against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells and induce autophagy. MMRi62 inducesferroptosis, resulting in a increase of reactive oxygen and lysosomal degradation of ferritin heavy chain (FTH1). MMRi62 also leads to proteasomal degradation of mutant p53, also inhibits orthotopic xenograft PDAC mouse model in vivo with high frequency mutation characteristics of KRAS and TP53.12.
    MMRi62
  • HY-B0077
    Bendamustine hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.05%
    Bendamustine hydrochloride (SDX-105), a purine analogue, is a DNA cross-linking agent. Bendamustine hydrochloride activats DNA-damage stress response and apoptosis. Bendamustine hydrochloride has potent alkylating, anticancer and antimetabolite properties.
    Bendamustine hydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity