2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0593B
    Deoxycholic acid sodium hydrate
    Deoxycholic acid (cholanoic acid) sodium hydrate, a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5.
    Deoxycholic acid sodium hydrate
  • HY-165096
    (E)-4-Tridecenyl acetate
    (E)-4-Tridecenyl acetate is a sex pheromone produced by female Keiferia lycopersicella and an attractant for male Keiferia lycopersicella moths. (E)-4-Tridecenyl acetate can be used in field traps for monitoring Keiferia lycopersicella presence and spread. (E)-4-Tridecenyl acetate can be used for the research of Keiferia lycopersicella infestation[1][2].
    (E)-4-Tridecenyl acetate
  • HY-N7092S20
    D(-​)​-​Fructose-18O-1
    D(-​)​-​Fructose-18O-1 is the 18O labeled D-Fructose. D-Fructose (D(-)-Fructose) is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in many plants.
    D(-​)​-​Fructose-<sup>18</sup>O-1
  • HY-P2726A
    Aldolase, Spinach
    Aldolase, Spinach (EC 4.1.2.13) is an enzyme catalyzing a reversible reaction that splits the aldol, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, into the triose phosphates dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). Aldolase, Spinach (EC 4.1.2.13) can also produce DHAP from other (3S,4R)-ketose 1-phosphates such as fructose 1-phosphate and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate.
    Aldolase, Spinach
  • HY-139207A
    Glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride
    Glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.
    Glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride
  • HY-W752587
    DL-Mevalonolactone-d4
    DL-Mevalonolactone-d4 ( (±)-Mevalonolactone-d4) is the deuterium labeled DL-Mevalonolactone (HY-107855). DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone;Mevalolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone is orally active against HMGCR mutation and statin caused myopathy. DL-Mevalonolactone induces inflammation and oxidative stress response with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induces mitochondrial swelling.
    DL-Mevalonolactone-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-E70297
    N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase IVa
    N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase IVa (MGAT4A) is a glycosyltransferase that can enhance the migration, invasion, and adhesion abilities of cancer cells, and increase β1,4GlcNAc branched glycans on integrin β1 (ITGB1), a tumor-associated glycoprotein closely related to cell motility.
    N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase IVa
  • HY-N1902S2
    4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid-d2
    4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HY-N1902). 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, a major microbiota-derived metabolite of polyphenols, is involved in the antioxidative action. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid induces expression of Nrf2.
    4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-125409
    Lysinoalanine
    Lysinoalanine is an amino acid that can be isolated from native and dinitrophenylated forms of ribonuclease after treated with alkali.
    Lysinoalanine
  • HY-W017443S4
    L-Asparagine-1,2,3,4-13C4 monohydrate
    L-Asparagine-1,2,3,4-13C4 monohydrate is the 13C labeled labeled L-Asparagine monohydrate (HY-W017443). L-Asparagine monohydrate is an essential amino acid for leukemic cells and a substrate for L-Asparaginase. L-Asparaginase is a potent anti-leukemic enzyme that promotes asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) depletion and inhibits protein biosynthesis in lymphoblasts. Removal of L-asparagine from plasma by L-Asparaginase results in inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis and subsequent apoptosis. L-Asparaginase has cell-killing ability in vitro and in vivo, and selectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells with low asparagine synthetase (AASNS) expression. L-Asparagine monohydrate can be used as a biomarker and sensor for the study of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
    L-Asparagine-1,2,3,4-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>4</sub> monohydrate
  • HY-W011142R
    2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate disodium (Standard)
    2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (disodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (disodium) (HY-W011142). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (dUMP) disodium is a deoxynucleotide that is reductively methylated to dTMP (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate) by bisubstrate enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS). dTMP is a nucleotide required for DNA synthesis.
    2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate disodium (Standard)
  • HY-B0539S4
    Desloratadine-d4 hydrobromide
    Desloratadine-d4 hydrobromide is deuterated labeled Desloratadine (HY-B0539). Desloratadine (Sch34117) is the orally active major metabolite of the nonsedating H1-antihistamine Loratadine. Desloratadine is a selective H1-receptor antagonist that has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Desloratadine-d<sub>4</sub> hydrobromide
  • HY-N0576R
    Solanesol (Standard)
    Solanesol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Solanesol (HY-N0576). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Solanesol is an orally active aliphatic terpene alcohol. Solanesol is mainly found in tobacco and other Solanaceae plants. Solanesol induces HO-1 and Hsp70 expression, activates p38 and Akt signaling pathways, and inhibits Apoptosis (reduces caspase-3 and PARP cleavage). Solanesol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. Solanesol can be used in the research of Huntington's disease, alcoholic liver disease, chronic inflammatory pain, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, and bipolar disorder.
    Solanesol (Standard)
  • HY-W748594
    Apigenin triacetate
    Apigenin triacetate is a metabolite of F. graminearum. Apigenin triacetate can be downregulated in F. graminearum by chitosan treatment. Apigenin triacetate derives from apigenin.
    Apigenin triacetate
  • HY-P2039
    Retrobradykinin
    Retrobradykinin has the reverse sequence of Bradykinin (HY-P0206). Retrobradykinin exhibits no kinin activity and can be used as a negative control for Bradykinin.
    Retrobradykinin
  • HY-141467S
    Propionyl CoA-d5
    Propionyl CoA-d5 is the deuterium labeled Propionyl CoA (HY-141467). Propionyl CoA serves as a common intermediate in the catabolic pathways of 1,2-propanediol and propionate in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2, and also functions as a precursor for 2-methylcitrate. Propionyl CoA is utilized as a substrate for the 2-methylcitrate synthase (PrpC) enzyme to synthesize 2-methylcitrate.
    Propionyl CoA-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-115387
    Oleoyl proline
    Oleoyl proline is a novel N-acyl amine compound.
    Oleoyl proline
  • HY-W250315
    Polypectate sodium
    Polypectate sodium is a major component of cell wall polysaccharides (pectins) and is used as a carbon source and inducer of polygalacturonase. Polypectate sodium can also be used to evaluate alkaline active and alkaline stable pectate lyases from Streptomyces spp. and to study the optimization of polygalacturonase production from Xanthophyllum spp. and reaction conditions.
    Polypectate sodium
  • HY-178277S
    L-Tyrosine-d1
    L-Tyrosine-d1 is the deuterium labeled L-Tyrosine (HY-N0473). L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.
    L-Tyrosine-d<sub>1</sub>
  • HY-110189S
    Pregnenolone monosulfate sodium-13C2,d2
    Pregnenolone monosulfate (sodium)-13C2,d2 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Pregnenolone monosulfate sodium. Pregnenolone monosulfate sodium (3β-Hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one monosulfate sodium) is a powerful neurosteroid, the main precursor of various steroid hormones including steroid ketones. Pregnenolone monosulfate sodium salt acts as a signaling-specific inhibitor of cannabinoid CB1 receptor, inhibits the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that are mediated by the CB1 receptors. Pregnenolone monosulfate sodium salt can protect the brain from cannabis intoxication. Pregnenolone monosulfate sodium salt is also a TRPM3 channel activator, and also can weakly activate TRPM1 channels.
    Pregnenolone monosulfate sodium-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>,d<sub>2</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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