Solanaceae

Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin), an active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin induces a nociceptive response by binding to its receptors. Capsaicin has analgesic effects on neurological disorders. Capsaicin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effects.

Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC₅₀ values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M₄ and Chicken mAChR M₄, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia.

Withaferin A is a steroidal lactone isolated from Withania somnifera, inhibits NF-kB activation and targets vimentin, with potent antiinflammatory and anticancer activities. Withaferin A is an inhibitor of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) shedding.

Lycopene is naturally occurring carotenoids found in tomato, tomato products, and in other red fruits and vegetables; exhibits antioxidant effects.

Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat.

Capsaicin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Capsaicin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin), an active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin induces a nociceptive response by binding to its receptors. Capsaicin has analgesic effects on neurological disorders. Capsaicin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effects.

Piperlonguminine is a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) inhibitor. Piperlonguminine also inhibits the growth of epimastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, with IC₅₀ values of 53.8 and 33.9 μM, respectively. Piperlonguminine regulates HMGB1/TLR4-NF-κB/MAPK-related inflammatory responses, endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) shedding, melanogenesis, glycolipid metabolism, ischemic brain injury and tumor growth. Piperlonguminine can be used in research on hyperlipidemia, sepsis, Chagas disease, ischemic stroke, sarcoma and severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury.

Petunidin chloride is an anthocyanin and also a pentoside (PEN) synthesis inhibitor. Petunidin chloride directly inhibits the synthesis of PEN without degrading or sequestering already synthesized PEN. Petunidin chloride can be used in studies related to PEN accumulation and advanced glycation associated with schizophrenia.

Delphinidin chloride is an anthocyanin isolated from berries and red wine. Delphinidin chloride exhibits endothelium-dependent vasodilation and anticancer activity. Delphinidin chloride also modulates JAK/STAT3 and MAPK signaling, thereby inducing apoptosis in HCT116 cells. Delphinidin chloride is also a potent inhibitor of EGFR (IC₅₀: 1.3 μM), shutting down downstream signaling cascades.

Tomatidine acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-κB and JNK signaling. Tomatidine activates autophagy either in mammal cells or C elegans.

Tomatine is a glycoalkaloid, found in the tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Tomatine elicits neurotoxicity in RIP1 kinase and caspase-independent manner. Tomatine promotes the upregulation of nuclear apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in neuroblastoma cells. Tomatine also inhibits 20S proteasome activity.

Solamargine, a derivative from the steroidal solasodine in Solanum species, exhibits anticancer activities in numerous types of cancer. Solamargine induces non-selective cytotoxicity and P-glycoprotein inhibition. Solamargine significantly inhibits migration and invasion of HepG2 cells by down-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and activity.

Cotinine ((-)-Cotinine) is an orally active alkaloid found in tobacco and is the primary metabolite of nicotine. Cotinine is metabolized by CYP2A13 into trans-3'-hydroxycotinine. Cotinine is used as a biomarker to measure exposure to tobacco smoke components. Cotinine has vasodepressor activity. The mixture of cotinine and nicotine (Nicotine) has antiproliferative activity against pterygium. (S)-(-)-Cotinine activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in a calcium-dependent manner, leading to the release of dopamine (Dopamine, HY-B0451). Cotinine ((-)-Cotinine) is used in research related to cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.

Solasonine is a ferroptosis inducer which can be isolated from Solanum melongena that has anti-infection, anti-cancer, and neurogenesis promoting properties. Solasonine promotes ferroptosis of HCC cells via destruction of the glutathione redox system induced by inhibiting GPX4, and can be used for cancer research.

Triamcinolone is a long-acting corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory, anti-oedematous, anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenetic, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects through binding to glucocorticoid receptors. Triamcinolone can relieve several dermatitis, immune diseases and ocular diseases.

Capsaicin (Purity 65%) is a mixture of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin (Ratio >2:1). Capsaicin (Purity 65%) is an orally active capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) agonist.

L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205).

Kukoamine B, a spermine alkaloid, is a potent dual LPS and CpG DNA inhibitor with K_d values of 1.23 µM and 0.66 µM, respectively. Kukoamine B exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-osteoporotic and neuroprotective effects. Kukoamine B has the potential for the study of sepsis.

Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine induces apoptosis by inhibiting the p53-MDM2 complex, p21Waf1/Cip1, and Bcl-2 proteins. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities.

α-solanine, a bioactive component and one of the major steroidal glycoalkaloids in Solanum nigrum, has been observed to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells.