Physalis minima Linn.

Withaphysalin A is a withanolide compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Withaphysalin A inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, as well as phosphorylation of STAT3, ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK. Withaphysalin A upregulates the expression of HO-1. Withaphysalin A inhibits LPS-induced production of NO, PGE₂, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Withaphysalin A downregulates LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2. Withaphysalin A interacts with B-cell activating factor protein (BAFF) to exert inhibitory effects. Withaphysalin A exhibits ELOVL6 inhibitory activity. Withaphysalin A can be used in the research of inflammatory diseases, nephrotic syndrome and chronic myeloid leukemia.

Physalin D is isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis angulate. Physalin D displays considerable cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines, showing IC₅₀ values in the range of d 0.28 to 2.43 microg/mL. Physalin D has the potential for the cancer disease.

Physaminimin D is a natural steroid.

Minisecolide D is a natural steroid.

Physaminimin N is a natural steroid.

Withaphysalin S is a natural steroid.

Minisecolide C is a natural steroid.

Physaminimin C is a natural steroid.

Withaperuvin C is a withanolide that can be isolated from Physalis Minima. Withaperuvin C has moderate cytotoxicity against cancer cells such as HepG2, SK-LU-1, and MCF7 cells (IC₅₀: 19.5, 14.65, 11.74 μg/mL).

Withaphysalin D is a selective antagonist against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) containing GluN2B. Withaphysalin D can be isolated from water lilies and has neuroprotective properties. Withaphysalin D is able to cross the blood-brain barrier.

Withaphysalin R (compound 5) is a Withanolide that can be isolated from the Solanaceae. Withanolide is a steroid ester with an ergosterol skeleton, and some of these compounds have some significant activities, including cytotoxic and immunosuppressive, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsive, and antioxidant.

Physalin O is a physalin that can be isolated from Physalis angulata. Physalin O shows cytotoxicity to Hep G2 and MCF-7 cancer cells with IC₅₀ values of 31.1 and 11.4 µM, respectively. Physalin O inhibits the production of nitric oxide (NO) and shows anti-inflammatory activities.

Physalin L inhibits LPS-induced NO production in macrophages with the average inhibitory rate of 70.97%. Anti-inflammatory activity.

Physagulide Y (2), a withanolide with anticancer activity, is a GLUT1 inhibitor.