Cat. No.: HY-B1205

Atropine

(Synonyms: Tropine tropate; DL-Hyoscyamine)

25 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 25 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Atropine (Tropine tropate) is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC₅₀ values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M₄ and Chicken mAChR M₄, respectively. Atropine inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.85%
CAS No.: 51-55-8
Formula: C₁₇H₂₃NO₃
Molecular Weight:289.38

Storage:

-20°C, stored under nitrogen

* In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (stored under nitrogen)

Atropine Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 51-55-8

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (25)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

mAChR4

All mAChR Isoforms :

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
HEK293	IC₅₀	12.2 μM Compound: atropine	Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells by confocal microscopy Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells by confocal microscopy	[PMID: 18788725]

In Vitro

Atropine (Tropine tropate; 1 μM; pulmonary veins and arteries) inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Atropine (Tropine tropate; 10 mg/kg; i.p.; once, for 40 minutes; Peromyscus sp.) inhibits the cardiac arrhythmia which normally occurs throughout torpor^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

White-footed mice (Peromyscus sp.)^[2]

Dosage:

10 mg/kg

Administration:

Intraperitoneal injection; once, for 40 minutes

Result:

Increased heart rate was a decrease in cardiac arrhythmia.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 51-55-8

Appearance Solid

Molecular Weight 289.38

Formula C₁₇H₂₃NO₃

Color White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(O[C@@H]1C[C@@H](N2C)CC[C@@H]2C1)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3

Synonyms

Tropine tropate; DL-Hyoscyamine

Structure Classification

Alkaloids

Other Alkaloids

Initial Source

Plants

Solanaceae

Atropa belladonna Linn.

Endogenous metabolite

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

-20°C, stored under nitrogen

* In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (stored under nitrogen)

Publications (25)

All Histological Imaging/StainingBio/Physico-chemical AssayWBIn Vivo Efficacy Study

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Journal Impact Factor

Journal Impact Factor

Most Recent

Cell

Cancer cells co-opt an inter-organ neuroimmune circuit to escape immune surveillance. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 26;188(24):6754-6773.e29. PMID: 41138728

Cell Metab

Cancer cells co-opt nociceptive nerves to thrive in nutrient-poor environments and upon nutrient-starvation therapies. [Abstract]

2022 Dec 6;34(12):1999-2017.e10. PMID: 36395769

Neuron

Molecularly defined and functionally distinct cholinergic subnetworks. [Abstract]

2022 Nov 16;110(22):3774-3788.e7. PMID: 36130594

Kidney Int

Parasympathetic nerves in the kidney pelvis contribute to blood pressure regulation. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 19:S0085-2538(26)00008-6. PMID: 41565024

Sci Adv

EphB1-NR2B receptor signaling in glutamatergic neurons of the ventroposteromedial thalamic nucleus regulates emergence from anesthesia. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 5;11(49):eadw7972. PMID: 41348875

Cell Discov

Adenosine-independent regulation of the sleep-wake cycle by astrocyte activity. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 7;9(1):16. PMID: 36746933

Small

A Balloon Electrochemical Sensor for Conformal Interfacing With Intestinal Wall and Real-Time Monitoring of Serotonin Release. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 21:e06988. PMID: 41563114

J Hazard Mater

β-ionone inhibits the grazing of Daphnia sinensis by reducing the activity of acetylcholinesterase. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 5:479:135690. PMID: 39255669

J Hazard Mater

β-cyclocitral, a novel AChE inhibitor, contributes to the defense of Microcystis aeruginosa against Daphnia grazing. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 5:465:133248. PMID: 38147752

Food Chem

Screening of bioactive flavour compounds targeting muscarinic-3 acetylcholine receptor from Siraitia grosvenorii and evaluation of their synergistic anti-asthmatic activity. [Abstract]

2022 Nov 30:395:133593. PMID: 35792488

J Transl Med

Increased nerve density adversely affects outcome in colorectal cancer and denervation suppresses tumor growth. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 23;23(1):112. PMID: 39849539

Cell Rep

Nociceptive neurons protect cancer cells against oxidative stress. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 24;45(3):117086. PMID: 41831232

Cell Rep

Moderate heart rate reduction promotes cardiac regeneration through stimulation of the metabolic pattern switch. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 8;38(10):110468. PMID: 35263588

J Ethnopharmacol

Cholinergic signaling of muscarinic receptors directly involves in the neuroprotection of muscone by inducing Ca2+ antagonism and maintaining mitochondrial function. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 2):117192. PMID: 37734472

Atropine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 2):117192. [Abstract]

Atropine (0.5 mg/kg; ip). Representative images of TTC-stained brain coronal sections of rats.

Atropine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 2):117192. [Abstract]

Atropine (0.5 mg/kg; ip). Western blot results of signal pathways.

Atropine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 2):117192. [Abstract]

Atropine (0.5 mg/kg; ip). Statistical results of neurological score by mNSS.

Atropine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 2):117192. [Abstract]

Atropine (0.5 mg/kg; ip). Statistical results of Western blot in AKT/p-AKT.

Front Pharmacol

Eye Drops of Metformin Prevents Fibrosis After Glaucoma Filtration Surgery in Rats via Activating AMPK/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Jul 31;11:1038. PMID: 32903813

Eur J Pharmacol

Activation of Piezo1 channels enhances spontaneous contractions of isolated human bladder strips via acetylcholine release from the mucosa. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 3:176954. PMID: 39237075

Atropine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Sep 3:176954. [Abstract]

Yoda1-induced ATP release was significantly attenuated in the presence of Atropine (1 μM).

Am J Physiol Renal Physiol

Anatomic and functional evidence for renal autonomic innervation in normotensive and hypertensive rats. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 1;327(5):F885-F898. PMID: 39298550

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther

Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ameliorates Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Through Regulating Macrophage Polarization Mediated by Alpha7nAChR. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 7. PMID: 40193005

Vet Microbiol

The Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the OGT-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2026 May:316:110992. PMID: 41865607

Arch Oral Biol

Parasympathetic-macrophages-ductal epithelial cells axis promotes female rat submandibular gland regeneration after excretory duct ligation/deligation. [Abstract]

2023 Jan:145:105586. PMID: 36410162

J Biosci

M1 macrophages-derived exosomes miR-34c-5p regulates interstitial cells of Cajal through targeting SCF. [Abstract]

2021:46:90. PMID: 34544909

Can J Physiol Pharmacol

Levetiracetam induction of theta frequency oscillations in rodent hippocampus in vitro. [Abstract]

2020 Oct;98(10):725-732. PMID: 32516556

Research Square Print

2023 Feb 7.

Research Square Print

December 16th, 2022.

Research Square Preprint

2022 Mar.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : ≥ 96.6 mg/mL (333.82 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 2.9 mg/mL (10.02 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

3.4557 mL

17.2783 mL

34.5566 mL

5 mM

0.6911 mL

3.4557 mL

6.9113 mL

10 mM

0.3456 mL

1.7278 mL

3.4557 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

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Concentration Concentration

×
Volume Volume

×
Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:

To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.19 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.19 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.19 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg

Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g

Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL

Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.

%
+

+
%
Tween-80 + +

%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (stored under nitrogen)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact
MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Tel: 609-228-6898
E-mail: [email protected]
Technical Support: [email protected]

Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments:
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Saline .

Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution

If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (277 KB)

SDS (479 KB)

English - EN (479 KB)

Français - FR (479 KB)

Deutsch - DE (479 KB)

Norwegian - NO (479 KB)

Español - ES (479 KB)

Swedish - SV (479 KB)

Italian - IT (479 KB)

Portuguese - PT (479 KB)

COA (2659 KB)

Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)

HNMR (2659 KB)

CNMR (2659 KB)

RP-HPLC (2659 KB)

NP-HPLC (2659 KB)

MS (2659 KB)

LCMS (2659 KB)

IR (2659 KB)

GC (2659 KB)

OR (2659 KB)

SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)

SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)

Other Report (2659 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. McBrien NA, et, al. How does atropine exert its anti-myopia effects? Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2013 May;33(3):373-8. [Content Brief]

[2]. Morhardt JE. Heart rates, breathing rates and the effects of atropine and acetylcholine on white-footed mice (Peromyscus sp.) during daily torpor. Comp Biochem Physiol. 1970 Mar 15;33(2):441-57. [Content Brief]

[3]. Carr BJ, et, al. Myopia-Inhibiting Concentrations of Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists Block Activation of Alpha2A-Adrenoceptors In Vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018 Jun 1;59(7):2778-2791. [Content Brief]

[4]. Walch L, et, al. Evidence for a M(1) muscarinic receptor on the endothelium of human pulmonary veins. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 May;130(1):73-8. [Content Brief]

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Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg

H₂O / DMSO 1 mM 3.4557 mL 17.2783 mL 34.5566 mL 86.3916 mL

5 mM 0.6911 mL 3.4557 mL 6.9113 mL 17.2783 mL

10 mM 0.3456 mL 1.7278 mL 3.4557 mL 8.6392 mL

DMSO 15 mM 0.2304 mL 1.1519 mL 2.3038 mL 5.7594 mL

20 mM 0.1728 mL 0.8639 mL 1.7278 mL 4.3196 mL

25 mM 0.1382 mL 0.6911 mL 1.3823 mL 3.4557 mL

30 mM 0.1152 mL 0.5759 mL 1.1519 mL 2.8797 mL

40 mM 0.0864 mL 0.4320 mL 0.8639 mL 2.1598 mL

50 mM 0.0691 mL 0.3456 mL 0.6911 mL 1.7278 mL

60 mM 0.0576 mL 0.2880 mL 0.5759 mL 1.4399 mL

80 mM 0.0432 mL 0.2160 mL 0.4320 mL 1.0799 mL

100 mM 0.0346 mL 0.1728 mL 0.3456 mL 0.8639 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Atropine Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-B1205

Others Neuronal Signaling GPCR/G Protein Metabolic Enzyme/Protease

Environmental Pollutants mAChR Endogenous Metabolite

Disease Areas

Cancer Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease

Neurodegenerative Disease Breast Cancer Cardiovascular Disease

Parkinson's Disease

Natural Products

Plants Alkaloids Endogenous metabolite

Solanaceae Other Alkaloids

Atropa belladonna Linn.

Reference Standards

Natural Product Standards

Alkaloids

Neurological Disease Cardiovascular Disease Cancer

Cancer Targeted Therapy Cancer Metabolism and Metastasis

Powered by Bioz See more details on Bioz

Keywords

Atropine
51-55-8
Tropine tropate
DL-Hyoscyamine
Environmental Pollutants
mAChR
Endogenous Metabolite
anti-myopia
tachyarrhythmias
Ach
pulmonary veins
bradycardia
Inhibitor
inhibitor
inhibit

Your Recently Viewed Products

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	3.4557 mL	17.2783 mL	34.5566 mL	86.3916 mL
5 mM	0.6911 mL	3.4557 mL	6.9113 mL	17.2783 mL
10 mM	0.3456 mL	1.7278 mL	3.4557 mL	8.6392 mL
DMSO	15 mM	0.2304 mL	1.1519 mL	2.3038 mL	5.7594 mL
20 mM	0.1728 mL	0.8639 mL	1.7278 mL	4.3196 mL
25 mM	0.1382 mL	0.6911 mL	1.3823 mL	3.4557 mL
30 mM	0.1152 mL	0.5759 mL	1.1519 mL	2.8797 mL
40 mM	0.0864 mL	0.4320 mL	0.8639 mL	2.1598 mL
50 mM	0.0691 mL	0.3456 mL	0.6911 mL	1.7278 mL
60 mM	0.0576 mL	0.2880 mL	0.5759 mL	1.4399 mL
80 mM	0.0432 mL	0.2160 mL	0.4320 mL	1.0799 mL
100 mM	0.0346 mL	0.1728 mL	0.3456 mL	0.8639 mL

Atropine

25 Cited Publications

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Atropine

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Atropine

All mAChR Isoforms

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (25)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Atropine Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-B1205