Atropine sulfate
Based on 25 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Atropine (Tropine tropate) sulfate is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.71 nM for Human mAChR M4 and Chicken mAChR M4, respectively. Atropine sulfate inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins. Atropine sulfate can be used for research of anti-myopia and bradycardia.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.87%
- CAS No.: 55-48-1
- Formula: C17H24NO5S0.5
- Molecular Weight:338.41
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Atropine sulfate
More- Cell. 2025 Nov 26;188(24):6754-6773.e29. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2022 Dec 6;34(12):1999-2017.e10. [Abstract]
- Neuron. 2022 Nov 16;110(22):3774-3788.e7. [Abstract]
- Kidney Int. 2026 Jan 19:S0085-2538(26)00008-6. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2025 Dec 5;11(49):eadw7972. [Abstract]
- Cell Discov. 2023 Feb 7;9(1):16. [Abstract]
- Small. 2026 Jan 21:e06988. [Abstract]
- J Hazard Mater. 2024 Sep 5:479:135690. [Abstract]
- J Hazard Mater. 2024 Mar 5:465:133248. [Abstract]
- Food Chem. 2022 Nov 30:395:133593. [Abstract]
- J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 23;23(1):112. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2026 Mar 24;45(3):117086. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2022 Mar 8;38(10):110468. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 2):117192. [Abstract]
- Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jul 31;11:1038. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Sep 3:176954. [Abstract]
- Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2024 Nov 1;327(5):F885-F898. [Abstract]
- Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2025 Apr 7. [Abstract]
- Vet Microbiol. 2026 May:316:110992. [Abstract]
- Arch Oral Biol. 2023 Jan:145:105586. [Abstract]
- J Biosci. 2021:46:90. [Abstract]
- Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2020 Oct;98(10):725-732. [Abstract]
- Research Square Print. 2023 Feb 7.
- Research Square Print. December 16th, 2022.
- Research Square Preprint. 2022 Mar.
Customer Validation & Images
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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WB
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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WB
Biological Activity
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mAChR4 |
Atropine (Tropine tropate; 1 μM; pulmonary veins and arteries) sulfate inhibits ACh-induced relaxations in human pulmonary veins[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:White-footed mice (Peromyscus sp.)[2]
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Dosage:10 mg/kg
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection; once, for 40 minutes
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Result:Increased heart rate was a decrease in cardiac arrhythmia.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 55-48-1
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 338.41
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Formula C17H24NO5S0.5
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(O[C@@H]1C[C@@H](N2C)CC[C@@H]2C1)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3.[0.5H2SO4]
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Synonyms
Tropine tropate sulfate; DL-Hyoscyamine sulfate; Sulfatropinol
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
Publications (25)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell
2025 Nov 26;188(24):6754-6773.e29. PMID: 41138728 -
Cell Metab
Cancer cells co-opt nociceptive nerves to thrive in nutrient-poor environments and upon nutrient-starvation therapies. [Abstract]2022 Dec 6;34(12):1999-2017.e10. PMID: 36395769 -
Neuron
2022 Nov 16;110(22):3774-3788.e7. PMID: 36130594 -
Kidney Int
2026 Jan 19:S0085-2538(26)00008-6. PMID: 41565024 -
Sci Adv
EphB1-NR2B receptor signaling in glutamatergic neurons of the ventroposteromedial thalamic nucleus regulates emergence from anesthesia. [Abstract]2025 Dec 5;11(49):eadw7972. PMID: 41348875 -
Cell Discov
2023 Feb 7;9(1):16. PMID: 36746933 -
Small
A Balloon Electrochemical Sensor for Conformal Interfacing With Intestinal Wall and Real-Time Monitoring of Serotonin Release. [Abstract]2026 Jan 21:e06988. PMID: 41563114 -
J Hazard Mater
β-ionone inhibits the grazing of Daphnia sinensis by reducing the activity of acetylcholinesterase. [Abstract]2024 Sep 5:479:135690. PMID: 39255669 -
J Hazard Mater
β-cyclocitral, a novel AChE inhibitor, contributes to the defense of Microcystis aeruginosa against Daphnia grazing. [Abstract]2024 Mar 5:465:133248. PMID: 38147752 -
Food Chem
Screening of bioactive flavour compounds targeting muscarinic-3 acetylcholine receptor from Siraitia grosvenorii and evaluation of their synergistic anti-asthmatic activity. [Abstract]2022 Nov 30:395:133593. PMID: 35792488 -
J Transl Med
Increased nerve density adversely affects outcome in colorectal cancer and denervation suppresses tumor growth. [Abstract]2025 Jan 23;23(1):112. PMID: 39849539 -
Cell Rep
2026 Mar 24;45(3):117086. PMID: 41831232 -
Cell Rep
Moderate heart rate reduction promotes cardiac regeneration through stimulation of the metabolic pattern switch. [Abstract]2022 Mar 8;38(10):110468. PMID: 35263588 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Cholinergic signaling of muscarinic receptors directly involves in the neuroprotection of muscone by inducing Ca2+ antagonism and maintaining mitochondrial function. [Abstract]2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 2):117192. PMID: 37734472
Atropine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 2):117192. [Abstract]
Atropine (0.5 mg/kg; ip). Representative images of TTC-stained brain coronal sections of rats.
Atropine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 2):117192. [Abstract]
Atropine (0.5 mg/kg; ip). Western blot results of signal pathways.
Atropine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 2):117192. [Abstract]
Atropine (0.5 mg/kg; ip). Statistical results of neurological score by mNSS.
Atropine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 2):117192. [Abstract]
Atropine (0.5 mg/kg; ip). Statistical results of Western blot in AKT/p-AKT.
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Front Pharmacol
Eye Drops of Metformin Prevents Fibrosis After Glaucoma Filtration Surgery in Rats via Activating AMPK/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]2020 Jul 31;11:1038. PMID: 32903813 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Activation of Piezo1 channels enhances spontaneous contractions of isolated human bladder strips via acetylcholine release from the mucosa. [Abstract]2024 Sep 3:176954. PMID: 39237075
Atropine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Sep 3:176954. [Abstract]
Yoda1-induced ATP release was significantly attenuated in the presence of Atropine (1 μM).
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Am J Physiol Renal Physiol
Anatomic and functional evidence for renal autonomic innervation in normotensive and hypertensive rats. [Abstract]2024 Nov 1;327(5):F885-F898. PMID: 39298550 -
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther
Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ameliorates Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Through Regulating Macrophage Polarization Mediated by Alpha7nAChR. [Abstract]2025 Apr 7. PMID: 40193005 -
Vet Microbiol
The Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the OGT-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]2026 May:316:110992. PMID: 41865607 -
Arch Oral Biol
Parasympathetic-macrophages-ductal epithelial cells axis promotes female rat submandibular gland regeneration after excretory duct ligation/deligation. [Abstract]2023 Jan:145:105586. PMID: 36410162 -
J Biosci
M1 macrophages-derived exosomes miR-34c-5p regulates interstitial cells of Cajal through targeting SCF. [Abstract]2021:46:90. PMID: 34544909 -
Can J Physiol Pharmacol
2020 Oct;98(10):725-732. PMID: 32516556 -
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Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 100 mg/mL (295.50 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : 62.5 mg/mL (184.69 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.15 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.15 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (295.50 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (292 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. McBrien NA, et, al. How does atropine exert its anti-myopia effects? Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2013 May;33(3):373-8. [Content Brief]
[2]. Morhardt JE. Heart rates, breathing rates and the effects of atropine and acetylcholine on white-footed mice (Peromyscus sp.) during daily torpor. Comp Biochem Physiol. 1970 Mar 15;33(2):441-57. [Content Brief]
[3]. Carr BJ, et, al. Myopia-Inhibiting Concentrations of Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists Block Activation of Alpha2A-Adrenoceptors In Vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018 Jun 1;59(7):2778-2791. [Content Brief]
[4]. Walch L, et, al. Evidence for a M(1) muscarinic receptor on the endothelium of human pulmonary veins. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 May;130(1):73-8. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO / H2O | 1 mM | 2.9550 mL | 14.7750 mL | 29.5500 mL | 73.8749 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5910 mL | 2.9550 mL | 5.9100 mL | 14.7750 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2955 mL | 1.4775 mL | 2.9550 mL | 7.3875 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1970 mL | 0.9850 mL | 1.9700 mL | 4.9250 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1477 mL | 0.7387 mL | 1.4775 mL | 3.6937 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1182 mL | 0.5910 mL | 1.1820 mL | 2.9550 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0985 mL | 0.4925 mL | 0.9850 mL | 2.4625 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0739 mL | 0.3694 mL | 0.7387 mL | 1.8469 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0591 mL | 0.2955 mL | 0.5910 mL | 1.4775 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0492 mL | 0.2462 mL | 0.4925 mL | 1.2312 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0369 mL | 0.1847 mL | 0.3694 mL | 0.9234 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0295 mL | 0.1477 mL | 0.2955 mL | 0.7387 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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