2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

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Mitochondria use multiple carbon fuels to produce ATP and metabolites, including pyruvate, which is generated from glycolysis; amino acids such as glutamine; and fatty acids. These carbon fuels feed into the TCA cycle in the mitochondrial matrix to generate the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which deliver their electrons to the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are complex organelles that play an important role in many facets of cellular function, from metabolism to immune regulation and cell death. Mitochondria are actively involved in a wide variety of cellular processes and molecular interactions, such as calcium buffering, lipid flux, and intracellular signaling. It is increasingly recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases such as obesity/diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial metabolism is a key determinant of tumor progression by impacting on functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mitochondrial metabolism and derived oncometabolites shape the epigenetic landscape to alter aggressiveness features of cancer cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism are relevant for the survival of tumors in response to therapy.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W032022S4
    1-Hexanol-d2
    		Inhibitor
    1-Hexanol-d2 is deuterated labeled 1-Hexanol (HY-W032022). 1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties. 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism.
    1-Hexanol-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-N0703R
    Schaftoside (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Schaftoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Schaftoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Schaftoside is a flavonoid found in a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Eleusine indica. Schaftoside inhibits the expression of TLR4 and Myd88. Schaftoside also decreases Drp1 expression and phosphorylation, and reduces mitochondrial fission.
    Schaftoside (Standard)
  • HY-108022R
    Azemiglitazone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Azemiglitazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Azemiglitazone (HY-108022). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Azemiglitazone (MSDC-0602) is an orally active thiazolidinedione (TZD) -like molecule, which binds to PPARγ with low binding and activating affinity. Azemiglitazone inhibits mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), which inhibits Alzheimer’s disease and diminishes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) caused liver injury.
    Azemiglitazone (Standard)
  • HY-16397R
    Phenformin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phenformin (HY-16397). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential.
    Phenformin (Standard)
  • HY-N10612
    Petasin
    		Inhibitor
    Petasin inhibits adipogenesis in cell 3T3-F442A with an IC50 of 0.95 μM. Petasin inhibits the expression of lipid synthesis factors ACC1, FAS and SCD1 by inhibiting transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα, as well as targeting TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels . Petasin inhibits mitochondrial complex I, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. Petasin activates AMPK signaling pathway, participating in regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Petasin is orally active.
    Petasin
  • HY-125776R
    Kresoxim-methyl (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Kresoxim-methyl (Standard) is the analytical standard of Kresoxim-methyl. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Kresoxim-methyl (BAS 490 F), a Strobilurin-based fungicide, inhibits the respiration at the complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex). Kresoxim-methyl binds to complex III from yeast with an apparent Kd of 0.07 μM proving a high affinity for this enzyme.
    Kresoxim-methyl (Standard)
  • HY-183705
    Antimicrobial agent-50
    		Inhibitor
    Antimicrobial agent-50 is an anti-oomycete and Fungicidal agent. Antimicrobial agent-50 inhibits the activity of Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III with an IC50 of 6.05 mg/L. Antimicrobial agent-50 inhibits ATP synthesis. Antimicrobial agent-50 exhibits protective activity against Phytophthora capsici in vivo. Antimicrobial agent-50 potently inhibits mycelial growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis, Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophthora capsici, with EC50 values of 2.97 mg/L, 1.86 mg/L and 0.74 mg/L, respectively.
    Antimicrobial agent-50
  • HY-17516R
    Tolfenpyrad (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Tolfenpyrad (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tolfenpyrad (HY-17516). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tolfenpyrad is an orally active insecticide, acaricide and antibacterial agent. Tolfenpyrad inhibits Complex I in the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain, interfering with the cell respiration process. Tolfenpyrad has significant insecticidal activity against a variety of insect pests such as H. contortus, Coccinella septempunctata. Tolfenpyrad has antibacterial activity against Francisella novicida, with an IC50 of 1.2 µM or 1.5 µM.
    Tolfenpyrad (Standard)
  • HY-W032022R
    1-Hexanol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    1-Hexanol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1-Hexanol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties. 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism.
    1-Hexanol (Standard)
  • HY-W032022S2
    1-Hexanol-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.05%
    1-Hexanol-d3 is the deuterium labeled 1-Hexanol. 1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties. 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism.
    1-Hexanol-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N2522R
    Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Carboxyatractyloside (dipotassium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium (HY-N2522). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium is a diterpenoid. Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium can be isolated from plants of the genus Xanthium. Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium is an ADP/ATP carrier inhibitor, inhibiting mitochondrial ADP/ATP transport. Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium promotes ROS production, induces Ca2+ release, and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium induces lethargy, weakness, and epileptic seizures in rats.
    Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium (Standard)
  • HY-138439
    Mandestrobin
    		Inhibitor
    Mandestrobin is a fungicide that exerts fungal killing activity by inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. Mandestrobin exhibits differential fungicidal activity between its enantiomers, and the R-enantiomer possesses stronger activity than the S-enantiomer. Mandestrobin is used in studies related to fungal infections and the agricultural field.
    Mandestrobin
  • HY-D0190R
    2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Theoyltrifluoroacetone is a chelating agent and mitochondrial electron transfer chain inhibitor, with a IC50 value of 51.5 μM. 2-Thermoyltrifluoroacetone can chelate with various metal ions and has cytotoxicity and anti-tumor activity, which is expected to play an important role in the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction related diseases.
    2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone (Standard)
  • HY-180943
    Antiparasitic agent-39
    		Inhibitor
    Antiparasitic agent-39 (Compound 14) is a selective antiparasitic agent and Deferasirox (HY-17359) derivative. Antiparasitic agent-39 reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential. Antiparasitic agent-39 shows antiparasitic activity against T. brucei, T. gambiense, L. Mexicana, T. gondii, B. divergens, P. falciparum with EC50s of 4.2 nM, 10.4 nM, 52.0 nM, 17.0 nM, 41.2 nM, 54.8 nM, respectively.
    Antiparasitic agent-39
  • HY-100005AR
    Fumarate hydratase-IN-2 sodium salt (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Fumarate hydratase-IN-2 (sodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fumarate hydratase-IN-2 (sodium salt) (HY-100005A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fumarate hydratase-IN-2 sodium salt (compound 3) is a cell-permeable and competitive fumarate hydratase inhibitor (Ki=4.5 μM) with nutrient-dependent cytotoxicity .
    Fumarate hydratase-IN-2 sodium salt (Standard)
  • HY-101998R
    CTP inhibitor (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    CTP inhibitor (Standard) is the analytical standard of CTP inhibitor (HY-101998). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. CTP inhibitor (Compound 792949) is a potent and selective CTP inhibitor. CTP inhibitor inhibits the plasma membrane citrate transporter (PMCT).
    CTP inhibitor (Standard)
  • HY-16397AR
    Phenformin hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phenformin hydrochloride (HY-16397). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phenformin hydrochloride (Phenethylbiguanide) is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential.
    Phenformin hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-19688A
    Sitamaquine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    Sitamaquine (WR6026) hydrochloride, an orally active 8-aminoquinoline analog, is an antileishmanial agent. Sitamaquine hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase). Sitamaquine hydrochloride is a lipophilic weak base that rapidly accumulates in acidic compartments of Leishmania spp., mainly in acidocalcisomes.
    Sitamaquine hydrochloride
  • HY-114197
    Antimalarial agent 14
    		Inhibitor 99.33%
    Antimalarial agent 14 (Compound N3) is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport. Antimalarial agent 14 can serve as an anti-malarial agent.
    Antimalarial agent 14
  • HY-B0356S2
    Ciprofloxacin-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Ciprofloxacin-d4 (Bay-09867-d4) is deuterium labeled Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
    Ciprofloxacin-d<sub>4</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity