2. Immunology/Inflammation NF-κB Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
  4. AP39

AP39 is a triphenylphosphonium derivatised anethole dithiolethione and mitochondria-targeting hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor. AP39 increases intracellular H2S levels. AP39 exerts cytoprotective effects and maintains mitochondrial DNA integrity under oxidative stress conditions. AP39 protects against myocardial reperfusion injury in mice model and has the potential for Alzheimer's disease research.

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CAS 番号 : 1429061-80-2

容量 価格（税別） 在庫状況 数量
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
 USD 159 在庫あり
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 159 在庫あり
Solid
5 mg $100 在庫あり
10 mg $170 在庫あり
25 mg $350 在庫あり
50 mg $600 在庫あり
100 mg $1000 在庫あり
200 mg   お問い合わせ  
500 mg   お問い合わせ  

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カスタマーレビュー

Based on 6 publication(s) in Google Scholar

AP39 関連抗体

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    AP39 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2026 Mar 11;18(9):13420-13436.  [Abstract]

    AP39 (50-200 μM; 8 h) significantly reduced mitochondrial superoxide levels and mitigated changes in mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cells under OGD conditions.

    AP39 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2026 Mar 11;18(9):13420-13436.  [Abstract]

    AP39 (50-200 μM; 8 h) exhibited significant protection against mitochondrial dysfunction in PC12 cells.

    AP39 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2025 Feb 10;11(2):1184-1197.  [Abstract]

    AP39 (0.09 mg/kg; i.p. to neonatal mice at 2, 24, and 48 h post-HI insult) reduced the cerebral infarct area induced by HI insult.

    AP39 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2025 Feb 10;11(2):1184-1197.  [Abstract]

    AP39 (0.09 mg/kg; i.p. to neonatal mice at 2, 24, and 48 h post-HI insult) could reverse the tissue loss (manifested as pyknosis and reduction of Nissl bodies) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus induced by HI injury in mice.

    AP39 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2025 Feb 10;11(2):1184-1197.  [Abstract]

    AP39 (0.09 mg/kg; i.p. to neonatal mice at 2, 24, and 48 h post-HI insult) prevented the upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 (p < 0.05).

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    製品説明

    AP39 is a triphenylphosphonium derivatised anethole dithiolethione and mitochondria-targeting hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor. AP39 increases intracellular H2S levels. AP39 exerts cytoprotective effects and maintains mitochondrial DNA integrity under oxidative stress conditions. AP39 protects against myocardial reperfusion injury in mice model and has the potential for Alzheimer's disease research[1][2][3].

    体外実験

    AP39 (25,100 nM; for 24 h) results in increase in cell viability in APP/PS1 neurons and has no effect on cell viability in WT neurons[1].
    AP39 (100 nM) increases the levels of OPA1 and Mfn1 but not Mfn2. Moreover, AP39 decreases the levels of Fis1 but not Drp1[1].
    AP39 (25-250 nM; 2 h) induces a concentration-dependent increase in H2S generation and in the fluorescence of the H2S-detecting dye AzMC[1].
    AP39 (100 nM) significantly increases the basal respiratory rate and the OCR-linked maximal respiratory capacity of the APP/PS1 neurons. AP39 significantly increases the ATP production in WT and APP/PS1 neurons. AP39 significantly protects against mtDNA damage in APP/PS1 neurons by partially restoring mtDNA integrity[1].
    AP39 consists of a mitochondria-targeting motif, triphenylphosphonium (TPP+), coupled to a H2S-donating moiety (dithiolethione) by an aliphatic linker. AP39 (100 nM) reduces intracellular oxidative stress and in the meantime it consequently sustaines the cell viability, mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial DNA integrity. These effects tend to be stimulatory at lower concentrations (30 and 100 nM), but tend to diminish or convert into inhibitory effects at a higher concentration (300 nM)[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    AP39 関連抗体
    体内実験

    AP39 (100 nM/kg/day; ip; for 6 weeks) ameliorates the learning and memory deficits of APP/PS1 mice. AP39 (25-250 nM/kg/day; ip; for 6 weeks) induces a dose-dependent increase in H2S generation in the cortex and hippocampus of WT and APP/PS1 mice[1].
    AP39 (0.01, 0.1, 1 μmol/kg; iv; bolus 10 min before reperfusion) dose-dependently reduces infarct size anaesthetized by thiobutabarbital (200 mg/kg, i.p) in male Sprague Dawley rats, 300-350 g (9-11 weeks)[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Model: 12-month-old WT or APP/PS1 mice[1]
    Dosage: 100 nM/kg
    Administration: IP; daily; for 6 weeks
    Result: Reversed the spatial learning and memory deficits of the aged AD model mice.
    Alleviated brain atrophy and ventricle asymmetryand inhibited Aβ plaque deposition in the brains in AD model mice.
    分子量

    721.77

    分子式

    C37H38BrO2PS3
    CAS 番号
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    Orange to red

    SMILES

    S=C1SSC(C2=CC=C(OC(CCCCCCCCC[P+](C3=CC=CC=C3)(C4=CC=CC=C4)C5=CC=CC=C5)=O)C=C2)=C1.[Br-]
    輸送条件

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    保管条件

    -20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
    溶剤 & 溶解度
    体外: 

    DMSO : 100 mg/mL (138.55 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 1.3855 mL 6.9274 mL 13.8548 mL
    5 mM 0.2771 mL 1.3855 mL 2.7710 mL
    10 mM 0.1385 mL 0.6927 mL 1.3855 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    一般には略語で表示されます：C1V1 = C2V2

    濃度 （開始）

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    体積 （開始）

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    体内:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (1.15 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (8.3 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (1.15 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (8.3 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

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    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
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    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    % 
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    純度とドキュメンテーション

    純度: 96.35%

    COA (246 KB) HNMR (394 KB) RP-HPLC (233 KB) LCMS (94 KB)

    取扱説明書 (2659 KB)
    参考文献

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 1.3855 mL 6.9274 mL 13.8548 mL 34.6371 mL
    5 mM 0.2771 mL 1.3855 mL 2.7710 mL 6.9274 mL
    10 mM 0.1385 mL 0.6927 mL 1.3855 mL 3.4637 mL
    15 mM 0.0924 mL 0.4618 mL 0.9237 mL 2.3091 mL
    20 mM 0.0693 mL 0.3464 mL 0.6927 mL 1.7319 mL
    25 mM 0.0554 mL 0.2771 mL 0.5542 mL 1.3855 mL
    30 mM 0.0462 mL 0.2309 mL 0.4618 mL 1.1546 mL
    40 mM 0.0346 mL 0.1732 mL 0.3464 mL 0.8659 mL
    50 mM 0.0277 mL 0.1385 mL 0.2771 mL 0.6927 mL
    60 mM 0.0231 mL 0.1155 mL 0.2309 mL 0.5773 mL
    80 mM 0.0173 mL 0.0866 mL 0.1732 mL 0.4330 mL
    100 mM 0.0139 mL 0.0693 mL 0.1385 mL 0.3464 mL
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    AP39 Related Classifications

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

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    The dilution calculator equation

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    一般には略語で表示されます：C1V1 = C2V2

    濃度 （開始） × 体積 （開始） = 濃度 （終了） × 体積 （終了）
    × = ×
    C1   V1   C2   V2
    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    AP391429061-80-2AP 39AP-39Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)mitochondriahydrogensulfideH2SdonorcytoprotectiveDNAAPP/PS1OPA1Mfn1Mfn2mtDNAInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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    製品名:
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    製品番号:
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