Banoxantrone dihydrochloride
Based on 11 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Banoxantrone dihydrochloride is a novel bioreductive agent that can be reduced to a stable, DNA-affinic compound AQ4, which is a potent topoisomerase II inhibitor.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.43%
- CAS No.: 252979-56-9
- Formula: C22H30Cl2N4O6
- Molecular Weight:517.40
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Storage:
-20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocol
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Banoxantrone dihydrochloride
More- ACS Nano. 2024 Jul 16;18(28):18412-18424. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2026 Feb 1;24(1):200. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 Jan 18:e21886. [Abstract]
- Chem Eng J. 2025 Feb 1.
- J Control Release. 2025 Jul 10:383:113789. [Abstract]
- Mater Today Bio. 2026 May 17:38:103244. [Abstract]
- Mater Today Bio. 2025 Dec 15:36:102695. [Abstract]
- Acta Biomater. 2022 Sep 15:150:337-352. [Abstract]
- J Colloid Interface Sci. 2026 Apr 15:708:139847. [Abstract]
- Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Apr 8:19:3367-3386. [Abstract]
- J Mol Med (Berl). 2019 Aug;97(8):1183-1193. [Abstract]
All Topoisomerase Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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Topoisomerase II |
Banoxantrone (AQ4N) can be reduced in a hypoxic environment to a stable DNA-affinic agent AQ4. AQ4, a potent topoisomerase II inhibitor, would be capable of damaging cells recruited into the cell cycle following radiation damage to the well-oxygenated cells of the tumor[1]. Banoxantrone shows more than 8-fold higher cytotoxicity under hypoxia than normoxia in cultures of 9L rat gliosarcoma and H460 human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells but not for 11 other human cancer cell lines. DT-diaphorase protein levels and banoxantrone chemosensitivity are poorly correlated across the cancer cell line panel, and banoxantrone chemosensitivity is not affected by DT-diaphorase inhibitors[2]. Banoxantrone is a bis-N-oxide that is reduced via two sequential two-electron reductions to the tertiary amine, AQ4, which is a potent cytotoxic agent toward both aerobic and hypoxic cells. AQ4, but not AQ4N, intercalates in DNA with high affinity to generate a stable persistent complex that can inhibit topoisomerase II and cause DNA damage and cell death[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 252979-56-9
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 517.40
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Formula C22H30Cl2N4O6
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Color Dark blue to black
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SMILES
O=C1C2=C(C(O)=CC=C2O)C(C3=C(NCC[N+](C)(C)[O-])C=CC(NCC[N+](C)(C)[O-])=C13)=O.Cl.Cl
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Synonyms
AQ4N dihydrochloride
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
-20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
Publications (11)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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ACS Nano
Hypoxia-Specific Metal-Organic Frameworks Augment Cancer Immunotherapy of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound. [Abstract]2024 Jul 16;18(28):18412-18424. PMID: 38949962 -
J Nanobiotechnology
HIFU postoperative hypoxia-activated metal-organic frameworks modulate the tumor microenvironment to augment immunotherapy. [Abstract]2026 Feb 1;24(1):200. PMID: 41622222 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Fluorinated Hypoxia-Responsive Aza-BODIPY for NIR-II FL/19F MR/PA Imaging and Phototherapy of Lung Cancer. [Abstract]2026 Jan 18:e21886. PMID: 41549220 -
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J Control Release
Hypoxia-responsive albumin nanoparticles co-delivering banoxantrone and STING agonist enhance immunotherapy of high-intensity focused ultrasound. [Abstract]2025 Jul 10:383:113789. PMID: 40318808 -
Mater Today Bio
2026 May 17:38:103244. PMID: 42211060 -
Mater Today Bio
Hypoxia-specific metal-organic frameworks combined with lactate immunometabolism regulation augment anti-tumor immunity of HIFU. [Abstract]2025 Dec 15:36:102695. PMID: 41509979 -
Acta Biomater
Genetically engineered bacteria-mediated multi-functional nanoparticles for synergistic tumor-targeting therapy. [Abstract]2022 Sep 15:150:337-352. PMID: 35931281 -
J Colloid Interface Sci
Manganese-based metal-organic frameworks augment postoperative immunotherapy of high-intensity focused ultrasound. [Abstract]2026 Apr 15:708:139847. PMID: 41518922 -
Int J Nanomedicine
Folic Acid Functionalized AQ4N/Gd@PDA Nanoplatform with Real-Time Monitoring of Hypoxia Relief and Enhanced Synergistic Chemo/Photothermal Therapy in Glioma. [Abstract]2024 Apr 8:19:3367-3386. PMID: 38617794 -
J Mol Med (Berl)
2019 Aug;97(8):1183-1193. PMID: 31201471
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 25 mg/mL (48.32 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 20 mg/mL (38.65 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 8.33 mg/mL (16.10 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
Protocol
Untreated T50/80 tumors (6.5-9.0 mm geometric diameter (GMD) are excised and gently disaggregated by mechanical disruption in ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Single cell suspensions are prepared by filtration through a 40μm mesh. These are then centrifuged and resuspended in Eagle's minimal essential medium (EMEM) containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) at a concentration of 106 cells/mL. Cells (20 mL) are placed in 125 mL rubber sealed glass bottles. These are gassed for 2 h at 37°C to provide welloxygenated conditions, i.e. 95% air/5% carbon dioxide or hypoxic conditions 95% N2/5% CO2. Banoxantrone (AQ4N) (20μM) is added for the last 90 min of this period by injection through the sealed lid. Drug is washed off and cells resuspended in fresh medium. For analysis of DNA damage, aliquots (105 cells) are processed at various times ranging from 0 to 96 h after this procedure. To evaluate the effect of maintaining the excised tumor cells in culture, samples are also maintained in the culture medium above at 37°C, 95% air/5% CO2 for 24 h. The cells, which grow in suspension, are then harvested and placed in glass bottles and the experiment outlined above is carried out. Each experiment is carried out twice and the results pooled[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Mice[1]
T50/80 tumor-bearing mice are used. These experiments are carried out when tumors reach a geometric diameter (GMD) of 6.5-9.0 mm. Banoxantrone (AQ4N) is administered as a single i.p. injection at a dose of 200 mg/kg. The drug is given 30 min before a single dose of X-irradiation of 12 Gy (300 kVp Siemens Stabilipan with a dose rate of 2.56 Gy min-1). Tumors are excised at a range of times following treatment and placed on ice. Single cell suspensions are prepared in ice-cold PBS as outlined above. Following centrifugation the cells are diluted in cold EMEM containing 10% FCS (1x106 cells/mL). An aliquot of 100 μL of this suspension is used in the comet assay. This procedure is carried out on tumors excised at various time intervals ranging from 0 to 120 h following irradiation. The results are pooled from three individual experiments.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (283 KB)
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SDS (420 KB)
- English - EN (420 KB)
- Français - FR (420 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (420 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (420 KB)
- Español - ES (420 KB)
- Swedish - SV (420 KB)
- Italian - IT (420 KB)
- Korean - KR (420 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (420 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Hejmadi MV, et al. DNA damage following combination of radiation with the bioreductive drug AQ4N: possible selective toxicity to oxic and hypoxic tumour cells. Br J Cancer. 1996 Feb;73(4):499-505. [Content Brief]
[2]. Manley E Jr, et al. Impact of tumor blood flow modulation on tumor sensitivity to the bioreductive drug banoxantrone. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013 Feb;344(2):368-77. [Content Brief]
[3]. Williams KJ, et al. In vivo activation of the hypoxia-targeted cytotoxin AQ4N in human tumor xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009 Dec;8(12):3266-75. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 1.9327 mL | 9.6637 mL | 19.3274 mL | 48.3185 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3865 mL | 1.9327 mL | 3.8655 mL | 9.6637 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1933 mL | 0.9664 mL | 1.9327 mL | 4.8319 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1288 mL | 0.6442 mL | 1.2885 mL | 3.2212 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0966 mL | 0.4832 mL | 0.9664 mL | 2.4159 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0773 mL | 0.3865 mL | 0.7731 mL | 1.9327 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0644 mL | 0.3221 mL | 0.6442 mL | 1.6106 mL | |
| DMSO | 40 mM | 0.0483 mL | 0.2416 mL | 0.4832 mL | 1.2080 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Banoxantrone dihydrochloride Related Classifications
HY-13562A Related Classifications
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