1. Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK Stem Cell/Wnt Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  2. FGFR Wnt Endogenous Metabolite
  3. Heparan Sulfate

Heparan sulfate, a complex and linear polysaccharide, exists as part of glycoproteins named heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which are expressed abundantly on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix.

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Heparan Sulfate Chemical Structure

Heparan Sulfate Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 9050-30-0

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Based on 11 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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Description

Heparan sulfate, a complex and linear polysaccharide, exists as part of glycoproteins named heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which are expressed abundantly on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix.

IC50 & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

In Vitro

Heparan sulfate is a linear polysaccharide and belongs to the family of glycosaminoglycans. Heparan sulfate is composed of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) residues as well as N-acetyl glucosamines (GlcNAc) with various sulfation modifications, and is typically 50-200 disaccharides in length. Heparan sulfate interacts with numerous proteins, including growth factors, morphogens, and adhesion molecules, and thereby regulates important developmental processes in invertebrates and vertebrates. Heparan sulfate chains regulate developmental signaling by acting as co-factors through a variety of mechanisms that include but are not limited to maintenance of morphogen gradients and co-receptor functions[1]. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans can act as receptors for proteases and protease inhibitors regulating their spatial distribution and activity. Membrane Heparan sulfate proteoglycans act as coreceptors for various tyrosine kinase-type growth factor receptors, lowering their activation threshold or changing the duration of signaling reactions[2]. Heparan sulfate influences the binding affinity of intestinal epithelium cells to Wnt, thereby promoting activation of canonical Wnt signaling and facilitating regeneration of small intestinal crypts after epithelial injury[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Digestion of heparan sulfate impairs context discrimination in a fear conditioning paradigm and oscillatory network activity in the low theta band after fear conditioning. Thus, heparan sulfate maintains neuronal excitability and, as a consequence, support synaptic plasticity and learning[4]. FGF-2/FGFR system is involved in the regulation of astrocytic reactivity and/or proliferation in the brain and its action is potentiated by heparan sulfate[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Molecular Weight

593.47 (monomer)

Formula

C12H19NO20S3 (monomer)

CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=S(OCC1O[C@@H](OC)[C@H](NS(=O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(O)=O)[C@H]1O[C@@H]2OC(C(O)=O)[C@H](O[C@@H]3OC(COS(=O)(O)=O)[C@H](O[C@@H]4OC(C(O)=O)[C@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@H]4OS(=O)(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3NS(=O)(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)(O)=O.[n]

Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : 100 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic)

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Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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In Vivo:

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 100 mg/mL (Infinity mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
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Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

References
Animal Administration
[5]

Rats: Sprague-Dawley male rats 3-4 months old receive aspiration of a small segment of the motor-sensory cortex in both hemispheres. Groups of rats (n=5) receive a piece of Gelfoam embedded with human recombinant FGF-2, heparan sulfate (10 kg/mL; sodium salt, bovine kidney) dissolved in PBS, or both, in the right hemisphere. The wound cavity of the left hemisphere receives a piece of Gelfoam embedded with saline[5].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

References
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  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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Product Name:
Heparan Sulfate
Cat. No.:
HY-101916
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