2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-101741
    A-259745
    		Inducer
    A-259745 is an orally active antimitotic agent that binds to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. A-259745 exhibits potent in vitro cytotoxic activity against both multi-drug-resistant and non-multi-drug-resistant cancer cell lines, with ED50 values of 0.018 μM against HCT-15 and 0.028 μM against NCI-H460 cell lines. A-259745 inhibits tubulin polymerization, disrupts the dynamic equilibrium of the mitotic spindle, arrests dividing cells in metaphase, and subsequently induces apoptosis. A-259745 shows dose-dependent antitumor efficacy in murine tumor models. A-259745 can be used for the study of cancer.
    A-259745
  • HY-180117
    MMP-2/9-IN-2
    		Inducer
    MMP-2/9-IN-2 (Compound 6k) is a MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 29.27 and 24.87 μM respectively. MMP-2/9-IN-2 exhibits good selective toxicity against multiple human hepatoma cell lines. MMP-2/9-IN-2 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, significantly inhibits cell migration and invasion. MMP-2/9-IN-2 inhibits the phosphorylation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. MMP-2/9-IN-2 shows strong anti-tumor activity in a nude mouse xenograft model of HepG2 liver cancer cells.
    MMP-2/9-IN-2
  • HY-17386S2
    Rosiglitazone-d4-1
    		Inducer
    Rosiglitazone-d4-1 (BRL 49653-d4-1) is deuterium-labeled Rosiglitazone (HY-17386).
    Rosiglitazone-d<sub>4</sub>-1
  • HY-101200R
    Linsidomine hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Linsidomine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Linsidomine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Linsidomine hydrochloride (SIN-1 chloride) is a spontaneous ROS/RNS generator and peroxynitrite donor. Linsidomine hydrochloride is a vasodilator and platelet aggregation inhibitor. Linsidomine hydrochloride induces oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and necrosis. Linsidomine hydrochloride inhibits the migration, proliferation and neointima formation of vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting the expression of annexin A2. In addition, low doses of Linsidomine hydrochloride shows protective effects on Zn2+ treated nerve cells.
    Linsidomine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-174911
    FLT3-IN-33
    		Inducer
    FLT3-IN-33 (Compound 7r) is a FLT3 inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.82  nM. FLT3-IN-33 has superior anticancer activities against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, such as MV4-11 and MOLM-13 cells. FLT3-IN-33 significantly induces cell apoptosis and inhibits phosphorylation of FLT3 pathways. FLT3-IN-33 can be used for AML and other cancers research.
    FLT3-IN-33
  • HY-N1987R
    Cucurbitacin IIb (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Cucurbitacin IIb (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cucurbitacin IIb. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cucurbitacin IIb is an active component isolated from Hemsleya amabilis, induces apoptosis with anti-inflammatory activity. Cucurbitacin IIb inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3, JNK and Erk1/2, enhances the phosphorylation of IκB and NF-κB (p65), blocks nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) and decreases mRNA levels of IκBα and TNF-α.
    Cucurbitacin IIb (Standard)
  • HY-179372
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-84
    		Inducer 99.59%
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-84 inhibits tubulin polymerization by targeting the colchicine-binding pocket, with anIC50 = 10.9 μM. Tubulin polymerization-IN-84 shows antiproliferative activity against Jurkat, B16-F10, HCT116, and MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 60 nM, 380 nM, 138 nM, and 1.054 μM). Tubulin polymerization-IN-84 induces G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis in B16-F10 cells. Tubulin polymerization-IN-84 suppresses tumor growth in a B16-F10 melanoma model and potentiates anti-tumor immunity in combination with a PD-L1 mAb for the research of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, melanoma, colon cancer, and breast cancer.
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-84
  • HY-P5702
    EP3
    		Inducer
    EP3 is an antimicrobial peptide. EP3 has antibacterial and antifungal activities. EP3 inhibits E. gallinarum, P. pyocyanea, A. baumanii, K. terrigena with a MIC value of 12.85 μg/mL. EP3 also shows antitumor activity against cancer cells, and induces cell apoptosis.
    EP3
  • HY-148807C
    Zavondemstat sodium
    		Inducer
    Zavondemstat (QC8222; TACH 101) sodium is an orally active pan-KDM4 inhibitor, with a IC50 ≤ 0.08 μM against human KDM4A-D and a Kᵢ of 0.52 μM against human KDM4C. Zavondemstat sodium induces cell apoptosis, causes S-phase cell cycle arrest, reduces the population of tumor-initiating cells and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. Zavondemstat sodium suppresses tumor growth and induces tumor regression in mouse xenograft models. Zavondemstat sodium can be used for the research of various cancers including colorectal cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer.
    Zavondemstat sodium
  • HY-179098
    Multi-target kinase-IN-8
    		Inducer
    Multi-target kinase-IN-8 (3d) is an anti-cancer agent. Multi-target kinase-IN-8 exhibits inhibitory activity against various protein kinases (B-Raf V600E (IC50 = 0.078 µg/mL), c-Met (IC50 = 0.405 µg/mL), Pim-1 (IC50 = 1.053 µg/mL), EGFR WT (IC50 = 0.177 µg/mL), VEGFR-2 (IC50 = 0.275 µg/mL)). Multi-target kinase-IN-8 can induce cell cycle arrest and promote early and late apoptosis. Multi-target kinase-IN-8 is commonly used in cancer research.
    Multi-target kinase-IN-8
  • HY-N15670
    Tiancimycin A
    		Inducer
    Tiancimycin A (TNM A) is an anticancer agent. Tiancimycin A induces rapid DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Tiancimycin A can be isolated from Streptomyces sp. CB03234.
    Tiancimycin A
  • HY-N18315
    (2''S)-2'',3''-Dihydrodelicaflavone
    		Inducer
    (2''S)-2'',3''-Dihydrodelicaflavone is a biflavonoid compound present in the whole herb of Selaginella doederleinii, which exhibits antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities against non-small cell lung cancer cells. (2''S)-2'',3''-Dihydrodelicaflavone can be used in the research of non-small cell lung cancer.
    (2''S)-2'',3''-Dihydrodelicaflavone
  • HY-N0662R
    Amentoflavone (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Amentoflavone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Amentoflavone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Amentoflavone (Didemethyl-ginkgetin) is a potent and orally active GABA(A) negative modulator. Amentoflavone also shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-radiation, anti-fungal, antibacterial activity. Amentoflavone induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 phase.
    Amentoflavone (Standard)
  • HY-162766
    Antitumor agent-184
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-184 (compound 12aa) induces cell apoptosis, with the IC50s of 2.35 μM, 7.32 μM and 10.31 μM in B16-F10 cells, 4T1 cells and CT26 cells, respectively.
    Antitumor agent-184
  • HY-W011683S2
    2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-3′-13C
    		Inducer
    2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-3′-13C is the 13C labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate (HY-W011683)insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate has an anticancer effect on colon cancer>
    2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-3′-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-N0269R
    Echinatin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Echinatin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Echinatin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Echinatin is a chalcone isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Gancao with hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Echinatin can be quickly absorbed and eliminated and extensively distributed with an absolute bioavailability of approximately 6.81% in Rat.
    Echinatin (Standard)
  • HY-173573
    TK-684
    		Inducer
    TK-684 is a potent and selective allosteric SHP2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 2.1, ＞1000 nM for SHP2WT, SHP22PTP, respectively. TK-684 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. TK-684 decreases the protein expression of p-AKT, p-ERK.
    TK-684
  • HY-N0378S6
    D-Mannitol-13C,d2
    		Inducer
    D-Mannitol-13C,d2 is the deuterium and 13C labeled D-Mannitol (HY-N0378). D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells. D-Mannitol is commonly used to maintain osmotic pressure between the plant cytoplasm and the culture medium and protect cells when the cell wall is weakened or even removed.
    D-Mannitol-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-N8423R
    α-Amyrin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    α-Amyrin (Standard) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound with oral activity. α-Amyrin (Standard) activates the ERK and GSK-3β signaling pathways. α-Amyrin (Standard) can inhibit cancer cells proliferation and induce apoptosis. α-Amyrin (Standard) shows anti-bacterial and anti-inflammation activity. α-Amyrin (Standard) can reduce blood glucose level. α-Amyrin (Standard) can be used for the researches of cancer, infection, inflammation, metabolic disease and neurological disease, such as breast cancer, Streptococcus oralis infection, skin inflammation and diabetes.
    α-Amyrin (Standard)
  • HY-B0849A
    (Z)-Azoxystrobin
    		Inducer 98.10%
    (Z)-Azoxystrobin is an enantiomer of Azoxystrobin. Azoxystrobin is an orally active, broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.
    (Z)-Azoxystrobin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity