2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-178474
    WRN-IN-20
    		Inducer
    WRN inhibitor 20 (Compound 14c) is a WRN degradation agent. WRN inhibitor 20 exhibits strong degradation activity in various cells, such as HCT-116 (DC50 = 1.7 µM), SW-48 (DC50 = 3.0 µM), and SW-480 (DC50 = 5.9 µM) cells. WRN inhibitor 20 exhibits potent anti proliferative, pro apoptotic, migration inhibiting, and DNA damage inducing effects in MSI-H cells. WRN inhibitor 20 can be used for research on cancer.
    WRN-IN-20
  • HY-169210
    ECDD-S18
    		Inducer
    ECDD-S18 (compund ECDD-S18) induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, effectively targets vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), and impairs lysosomal acidification.
    ECDD-S18
  • HY-162230
    PRMT5-IN-33
    		Inducer
    PRMT5-IN-33 (compound A8) is a selective, SAM-competitve PRMT5 inhibitors with IC50 of 10.9 nM. PRMT5-IN-33 induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of cells Z-138 and MOLM-13. PRMT5-IN-33 exhibits an antitumor activity.
    PRMT5-IN-33
  • HY-146063
    Anticancer agent 54
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 54 is a potent anticancer agent. Anticancer agent 54 shows antiproliferative activity. Anticancer agent 54 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phases. Anticancer agent 54 shows anticancer activity depends on DNA intercalation and ROS generation.
    Anticancer agent 54
  • HY-113612
    Cytostatin
    		Inducer
    Cytostatin is an effective and selective protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 210 nM. Cytostatin exhibits anti-metastatic properties, good antitumor activity, and can induce apoptosis. Cytostatin can also prevent the adhesion of B16 melanoma cells to components of the extracellular matrix (laminin and collagen). Cytostatin belongs to the family of natural product fosriecin.
    Cytostatin
  • HY-161076
    KTt-45
    KTt-45 is a T-type calcium channel blocker. KTt-45 has anticancer effect by inducing apoptosis on HeLa cervical cancer cell line.
    KTt-45
  • HY-B0380S2
    Trimebutine-d3 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Trimebutine-d3 hydrochloride is deuterium labeled Trimebutine hydrochloride. Trimebutine hydrochloride is a multi-target inhibitor and opioid receptor agonist with antimuscarinic activity. Trimebutine hydrochloride inhibits L-type Ca2+ channels and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa channels), thereby inhibiting extracellular calcium influx and potassium ion efflux. Trimebutine hydrochloride also targets Toll-like receptors, inhibits Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signals, and inhibits LPS-induced IRAK1 activation, as well as ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Trimebutine hydrochloride also induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/ERK pathway. Trimebutine hydrochloride also inhibits excessive contraction of smooth muscle and can be used in the study of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
    Trimebutine-d<sub>3</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-16366A
    Briciclib sodium
    		Inducer
    Briciclib (ON 014185) sodium is a eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) inhibitor. Briciclib sodium exhibits broad-spectrum anti-cancer activity, including in mantle cell leukemia, breast cancer, gastric cancer, and esophageal cancer cells. Briciclib sodium reduces the expression of cyclin D1 and c-Myc, and enhances the expression of P53 and Cleaved Caspase 3 pro-apoptotic proteins. Briciclib sodium can be used for the study of hematological system tumors and solid tumors.
    Briciclib sodium
  • HY-176225
    BY13
    		Inducer
    BY13 is a SRC-3 PROTAC degrader with a DC50 of 0.031 μM. BY13 selectively blocks the ER signaling pathway over that of androgen receptor (AR)) through down-regulating ERα level. BY13 potently overcomes endocrine resistance in breast cancer by inducing cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and apoptosis, with superior effect over Fulvestrant (HY-13636). BY13 significantly inhibits the growth of drug-resistant breast tumors without obvious toxicity in LCC2 xenograft mice model. Pink: SRC-3 ligand (SI-2) (HY-101447); Blue: CRBN ligase ligand (HY-41547); Black: linker (HY-176226)
    BY13
  • HY-15494S1
    Picropodophyllin-d6
    		Inducer
    Picropodophyllin-d6 (AXL1717-d6) is deuterium labeled Picropodophyllin. Picropodophyllin (AXL1717) is a selective insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1 nM.
    Picropodophyllin-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-170763B
    (-)-Mcl-1 inhibitor 22
    (-)-Mcl-1 inhibitor 22 (compound 38) is an Mcl-1 inhibitor that works by blocking the interaction between Mcl-1 and pro-apoptotic proteins, reducing the anti-apoptotic activity of Mcl-1. (-)-Mcl-1 inhibitor 22 can be used in cancer research.
    (-)-Mcl-1 inhibitor 22
  • HY-N6949R
    Juglone (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Juglone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Juglone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione) is a yellow dye that can be extracted from Juglans regia. Juglone induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Juglone has antibacterial and antitumor activity .
    Juglone (Standard)
  • HY-B0011AS
    Docetaxel-d5 trihydrate
    		Inducer
    Docetaxel-d5 (trihydrate) is the deuterium labeled Docetaxel (Trihydrate). Docetaxel Trihydrate (RP-56976 Trihydrate) is an antineoplastic agent and inhibits microtubule?depolymerization with an IC50 value of 0.2 μM. Docetaxel Trihydrate is a semisynthetic analog of taxol and attenuates the effects of?bcl-2?and?bcl-xL?gene expression. Docetaxel Trihydrate arrests the cell cycle at G2/M and leads to cell apoptosis.
    Docetaxel-d<sub>5</sub> trihydrate
  • HY-N0083S2
    Betulin-d3-1
    Betulin-d3-1 is the deuterium labeled Betulin (HY-N0083). Betulin (Trochol), is a sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 14.5 μM in K562 cell line.
    Betulin-d<sub>3</sub>-1
  • HY-115993
    CDK4/6-IN-10
    		Inducer
    CDK4/6-IN-10 is a potent, selective and orally active CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor with IC50s of 22 nM and 10 nM, respectively. CDK4/6-IN-10 shows antitumor activity. CDK4/6-IN-10 has the potential for the research of Multiple myeloma (MM).
    CDK4/6-IN-10
  • HY-N0106R
    (Rac)-Salvianic acid A sodium (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (Rac)-Salvianic acid A (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of (Rac)-Salvianic acid A (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (Rac)-Salvianic acid A sodium is the racemic form of Salvianic acid A (HY-N1913). Salvianic acid A is an orally active phenolic compound that induces Nrf2/HO-1 activation and inhibits the NF-κB pathway, and it also activates the mitochondrial antioxidant defense system (Mitochondrial Metabolism). Salvianic acid A exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties (Apoptosis), demonstrating potential for research into inflammation and cardiovascular diseases.
    (Rac)-Salvianic acid A sodium (Standard)
  • HY-176283
    Tubulin/LSD1-IN-1
    		Inducer
    Tubulin/LSD1-IN-1 is an effective dual inhibitor of Tubulin polymerization and LSD1 (IC50 = 1.72 μM). Tubulin/LSD1-IN-1 has broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines. Tubulin/LSD1-IN-1 inhibits tubulin polymerization by targeting colchicine binding sites, thereby disrupting the microtubule network in gastric cancer cells. Tubulin/LSD1-IN-1 increases the methylation levels of H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me2/3, thereby achieving epigenetic regulation. Tubulin/LSD1-IN-1 induces G2/M arrest, promotes apoptosis, and effectively inhibits colony formation of gastric cancer cells.
    Tubulin/LSD1-IN-1
  • HY-113212R
    Ursocholic acid (Standard)
    		Antagonist
    Ursocholic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ursocholic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ursocholic acid, a bile acid present in mammalian bile, is converted to deoxycholic acid (UDC) by the mouse intestinal flora. Ursocholic acid acts as a gallstone dissolving agent in the liver through anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, bile regulation, and coordinated changes in mitochondrial integrity and cell signaling, Ursocholic acid also has favorable effects on bones in patients with chronic cholestasis[1][2][3][4][5].
    Ursocholic acid (Standard)
  • HY-178382
    BRAFV600E/ABL2-IN-1
    		Activator
    BRAFV600E/ABL2-IN-1 is a BRAFV600E (IC50 = 0.088 μM)/ABL2 (IC50 = 0.3 μM) dual inhibitor. BRAFV600E/ABL2-IN-1 can diminish P-glycoprotein expression. BRAFV600E/ABL2-IN-1 effectively inhibits p-CrkL (Abl2 signaling) and p-ERK1/2 (BRAFV600E pathway) in A375-R melanoma cells. BRAFV600E/ABL2-IN-1 causes cell cycle arrest. BRAFV600E/ABL2-IN-1 significantly increases the percentage of late apoptotic cells. BRAFV600E/ABL2-IN-1 can be used for the study of melanoma.
    BRAFV600E/ABL2-IN-1
  • HY-B0185BR
    Lidocaine hydrochloride hydrate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Lidocaine (hydrochloride hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lidocaine (hydrochloride hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lidocaine (Lignocaine) hydrochloride hydrate inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and using dependence. Lidocaine hydrochloride hydrate decreases growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells via up-regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lidocaine hydrochloride hydrate is an amide derivative and has potential for the research of ventricular arrhythmia.
    Lidocaine hydrochloride hydrate (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity