2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-Y0367R
    Maleic acid (Standard)
    Maleic Acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Maleic Acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Maleic Acid is a Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD) inhibitor of E. coli and L. monocytogenes. IC50 & Target: GAD. In Vitro: The MICs of WT 10403S for the acids (e.g., Maleic Acid) are 34 mM, 25 mM, 31 mM and 30 mM which correspond to pH values prior to growth of 4.84, 5.14, 5.32 and 5.02 respectively. Of all compounds tested, Maleic Acid is the least inhibitory despite acting at a lower pH (4.84). The most acid resistant (10403S) and the weakest (EGD-e) strain are challenged with 8.6 mM and 4.3 mM of each organic acid at pH 3 and 3.3 respectively. On both strains, Maleic Acid is the most bactericidal.
    Maleic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N0538R
    Xylitol (Standard)
    Xylitol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Xylitol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Xylitol can be classified as polyols and sugar alcohols.
    Xylitol (Standard)
  • HY-18341S2
    L-Thyroxine-13C6
    L-Thyroxine-13C6 is the 13C labeled L-Thyroxine. L-Thyroxine (Levothyroxine;T4) is a synthetic hormone for the research of hypothyroidism. DIO enzymes convert biologically active thyroid hormone (Triiodothyronine,T3) from L-Thyroxine (T4).
    L-Thyroxine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-138068
    L-Tryptophanylglycine
    		99.93%
    L-Tryptophanylglycine is a dipeptide. L-Tryptophanylglycine exerts its function through competitive substrate interaction with intestinal dipeptide transporters.
    L-Tryptophanylglycine
  • HY-W674112
    Magnesium ionophore I
    		98.07%
    Magnesium ionophore I (ETH 1117) serves as the primary component for the development of calcium-magnesium selective electrodes.
    Magnesium ionophore I
  • HY-W012814S2
    4-Methylimidazole-d6
    		98.3%
    4-Methylimidazole-d6 is the deuterium labeled 4-Methylimidazole.
    4-Methylimidazole-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-113248S1
    3-Nitro-L-tyrosine-13C6
    3-Nitro-L-tyrosine-13C6 is the 13C labeled 3-Nitro-L-tyrosine (HY-113248). 3-Nitro-L-tyrosine serves as a biomarker of oxidative stress. 3-Nitro-L-tyrosine attenuates the pressor and vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II by inhibiting the α1-adrenergic receptor-mediated signaling pathway, and participates in hemodynamic regulation under pathological conditions such as inflammation and ischemia. 3-Nitro-L-tyrosine can be used in studies related to atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion and sepsis.
    3-Nitro-L-tyrosine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-W671746
    Thevetin A
    		98.95%
    Thevetin A is a thevetia cardiac glycoside. Thevetin A can be isolated from the methanol extract of the seeds of Cascabela thevetioides.
    Thevetin A
  • HY-113006
    3-Methylglutarylcarnitine
    		99%
    3-Methylglutarylcarnitine is a biomarker of disease associated with compromised mitochondrial energy metabolism.
    3-Methylglutarylcarnitine
  • HY-131309
    12-Doxylstearic acid
    		99.00%
    12-Doxyl stearic acid is a form of stearic acid that contains a 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolinyloxy (DOXYL) group, creating a hydrophobic spin label. It is commonly used to study molecular aspects of membranes and hydrophobic proteins.
    12-Doxylstearic acid
  • HY-122949
    Momordicine I
    		Inhibitor
    Momordicine I is a cucurbitane-type triterpenoids. Momordicine I suppresses glioma growth by promoting apoptosis and impairing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Momordicine I inhibits glycolysis, lipid metabolism, induces autophagy in HNC cells to suppress head and neck cancer growth. Momordicine I alleviates isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through suppression of PLA2G6 and DGK-ζ. Momordicine I exerts its cardiovascular benefits by upregulating nitric oxide, inhibiting the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Momordicine I inhibits AKT1, IL-6, and SRC, suggesting its potential application in type 2 diabetes.
    Momordicine I
  • HY-121471R
    Chrysoeriol (Standard)
    Chrysoeriol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chrysoeriol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chrysoeriol is a kind of natural yellow ash, which can be used for heating plants Coronopus didymus. Chrysoeriol suppresses the JAK2/STAT3, IκB/p65, and NF-κB pathways, and has strong anti-inflammatory activity.
    Chrysoeriol (Standard)
  • HY-D0186R
    2'-Deoxyuridine (Standard)
    2'-Deoxyuridine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2'-Deoxyuridine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2’-deoxyuridine is a brain-penetrant pyrimidines nucleotide that is associated with nervous system diseases. 2'-Deoxyuridine could increase chromosome breakage and results in a decreased thymidylate synthetase activity. 2'-Deoxyuridine is a precursor in the synthesis of Edoxudine (HY-B1011) and also an analogue of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, EdU (HY-118411). 2’-deoxyuridine reduces microglial activation and improve oxidative stress damage by modulating glycolytic metabolism on the Aβ25-35-induced brain injury, which is promising for research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In Vitro:The interaction between the 2-deoxyuridine and the column increases the duration of retention of 2-deoxyuridine.
    Gradient elution with sodium acetate buffer-ACN eluent on two ZIC-HILIC homemade columns separates 2-deoxyuridine in under 9 min.
    In Vivo:2'-Deoxyuridine (34.42 ng/mL, gavage, 15 min) passes the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to enter the hippocampus of mice brain.
    2'-Deoxyuridine (20 mg/kg, gavage, daily for 4 weeks) improves cognition and memory loss and attenuates the damage to the hippocampus in Aβ25-35-induced mice model.
    2'-Deoxyuridine (Standard)
  • HY-113424AS
    1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-d9
    		98.0%
    1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-d9 is deuterium labeled 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) is a phospholipid and is commonly used alone, or with other components, in the generation of micelle
    1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-113220S
    Monoisobutyl phthalic acid-d4
    		99.36%
    Monoisobutyl phthalic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Monoisobutyl phthalic acid. Monoisobutyl phthalic acid is a phthalate metabolite that is in human semen and in meconium.
    Monoisobutyl phthalic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-W750676
    (rac./meso)-Astaxanthin
    		98.0%
    rac-Astaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment found primarily in marine animals including shrimp and salmon. It is a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant.
    (rac./meso)-Astaxanthin
  • HY-100582S
    Ribitol-1-13C
    		99.51%
    Ribitol-1-13C is the 13C labeled Ribitol. Ribitol is a crystalline pentose alcohol formed by the reduction of ribose. Enhancing the flux of D-glucose to the pentose phosphate pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of D-ribose and ribitol.
    Ribitol-1-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-W035599
    Ir[p-F(t-Bu)-ppy]3
    Ir[pF(t-Bu)-ppy]3 (Tris(2-(3-tert-butylphenyl)-4-tert-butylpyridine)iridium) is an effective photocatalyst with excellent catalytic activity. Ir[pF(t-Bu)-ppy]3 can promote organic reactions, especially showing significant potential in the synthesis of new organic compounds. Ir[pF(t-Bu)-ppy]3 can be used to develop green chemical processes and reduce the impact of traditional catalysts on the environment. Ir[pF(t-Bu)-ppy]3 also has broad prospects in photoelectrochemical applications.
    Ir[p-F(t-Bu)-ppy]3
  • HY-16637S
    Folic acid-d2
    Folic acid-d2 (Vitamin B9-d2) is the deuterium labeled Folic acid. Folic acid (Vitamin M; Vitamin B9) is a B vitamin; is necessary for the production and maintenance of new cells, for DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis.
    Folic acid-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-113325AR
    NADP sodium hydrate (Standard)
    NADP sodium hydrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of NADP sodium hydrate (HY-113325A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. NADP sodium hydrate is the sodium salt hydrate form of NADP (HY-113325). NADP is a coenzyme involved in cellular electron transfer reactions in biological metabolism, which is alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH), and can maintain cellular redox homeostasis and regulate many biological events, including cellular metabolism. NADPH is a universal electron donor that provides reducing ability for synthetic metabolic reactions and redox balance. NADPH plays a multifunctional role in regulating inflammation, redox homeostasis, and synthetic metabolism processes.
    NADP sodium hydrate (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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