2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-18258R
    Berberine chloride (Standard)
    Berberine (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Berberine (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Berberine chloride is an alkaloid that acts as an antibiotic. Berberine chloride induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Antineoplastic properties.
    Berberine chloride (Standard)
  • HY-113018
    Ibuprofen acyl-β-D-glucuronide
    Ibuprofen acyl-β-D-glucuronide (Ibuprofen glucuronide) is a selective TRPA1 antagonis. Ibuprofen acyl-β-D-glucuronide reduces AITC-evoked calcium response with an IC50 value of 60μM.
    Ibuprofen acyl-β-D-glucuronide
  • HY-70037AS
    Cinacalcet-d3 hydrochloride
    Cinacalcet-d3 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Cinacalcet (hydrochloride). Cinacalcet hydrochloride (AMG-073 hydrochloride) is an orally active, allosteric agonist of Ca receptor (CaR), used for cardiovascular disease treatment.
    Cinacalcet-d<sub>3</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-Y0127S
    D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid-d6
    		99.75%
    D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid-d6 is the deuterium labeled D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid. D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid is a substrate of D-amino acid oxidase.
    D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N7740
    Adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate sodium
    		99.0%
    Adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate sodium is a competitive P2Y1 antagonist. Adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate sodium exhibits non-selective antagonism at recombinant and human platelet P2X1 receptors.
    Adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate sodium
  • HY-113044
    Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucose
    Uridine 5’-diphosphoglucose (UDP-glucose), secreted by cardiomyocytes during ischemia and reperfu, is a potent agonist of the proinflammatory P2Y14 receptor. It acts an important role in the regulation of inflammation and neutrophil polarization in neutrophils. Uridine 5’-diphosphoglucose is also the precursor of glucose-containing oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animal tissues and in some microorganisms. Uridine 5’-diphosphoglucose is promising for research in counteracting myocardial infarction/reperfusion (MIR)-induced inflammation in the heart tissue.
    Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucose
  • HY-W014504R
    DL-Kynurenine (Standard)
    DL-Kynurenine (Standard) is the analytical standard of DL-Kynurenine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. DL-Kynurenine is a key metabolite in the tryptophan metabolic pathway and can cross the blood-brain barrier. DL-Kynurenine has a bidirectional regulatory effect on neural excitability. DL-Kynurenine can enhance the convulsive and lethal effects caused by strychnine. DL-Kynurenine is the precursor of Kynurenic acid (HY-100806), which is an antagonist at the glycine site of NMDA receptors and can counteract excitatory toxins. DL-Kynurenine can be used for research on neurotoxicity.
    DL-Kynurenine (Standard)
  • HY-113085R
    3-Hydroxyhippuric acid (Standard)
    3-Hydroxyhippuric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Hydroxyhippuric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Hydroxyhippuric acid is an acyl glycine. 3-Hydroxyhippuric acid inhibits kynureninase (Ki = 60 μM). 3-Hydroxyhippuric acid is found in higher concentrations in autistic group than in the controls. 3-Hydroxyhippuric acid is a marker of Clostridium species, and has a positive correlation with the level of Clostridia. 3-Hydroxyhippuric acid is one of the main metabolites formed from the catechin diet and wine polyphenol diets.
    3-Hydroxyhippuric acid (Standard)
  • HY-B1278AR
    DL-α-Tocopherol acetate (Standard)
    DL-α-Tocopherol acetate (Standard) is the analytical standard of DL-α-Tocopherol acetate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. DL-α-Tocopherol acetate is a vitamin E derivative which is often included in the formulations of enteral nutrition.
    DL-α-Tocopherol acetate (Standard)
  • HY-B1449S5
    Uridine-d2
    		99.0%
    Uridine-d2 is the deuterium labeled Uridine.
    Uridine-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-75564R
    Cyclo(Ala-Gly) (Standard)
    Cyclo(Ala-Gly) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cyclo(Ala-Gly). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cyclo(Ala-Gly), a metabolite of a mangrove endophytic fungus, Penicillium thomi, exhibits cytotoxicity against A549, HepG2 and HT29 cells. The IC50 values range from 9.5 to 18.1 μM[1].
    Cyclo(Ala-Gly) (Standard)
  • HY-111278R
    Pyocyanin (Standard)
    Pyocyanin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pyocyanin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pyocyanin (Pyocyanine) is a toxic, quorum sensing (QS) controlled metabolite produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pyocyanin is a REDOX active compound that promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pyocyanin has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity[1][2][3][4].
    Pyocyanin (Standard)
  • HY-N0683S
    2-ambo-Vitamin E-13C6
    α-Vitamin E-13C6 is the 13C-labeled α-Vitamin E. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant.
    2-ambo-Vitamin E-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N6818R
    5,​7,​4'-​Trimethoxyflavone (Standard)
    5,​7,​4'-​Trimethoxyflavone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 5,​7,​4'-​Trimethoxyflavone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 5,7,4’-Trimethoxyflavone can be isolated from the medicinal plant Kaempferia parviflora (KP). 5,7,4’-Trimethoxyflavone is a CFTR activator and EC50 is 64 μM. 5,7,4’-Trimethoxyflavone induces apoptosis, increases proteolytic activation of caspase-3, and degradation of ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) protein. 5,7,4’-Trimethoxyflavone has antitumor activity. 5,7,4’-Trimethoxyflavone can be used to prevent skin aging and oxidative stress.
    5,​7,​4'-​Trimethoxyflavone (Standard)
  • HY-Y0127R
    D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid (Standard)
    D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid is a substrate of D-amino acid oxidase.
    D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid (Standard)
  • HY-40136R
    cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline (Standard)
    cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline (Standard) is the analytical standard of cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline (HY-40136). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline is an orally active proline analog and collagen production inhibitor. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline inhibits cell growth by preventing the deposition of triple helical collagen on the cell layer. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline inhibits N-nitrosomethylurea-induced breast tumor growth. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline improves lung compliance and reduces prostate weight. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline can be used in the study of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
    cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline (Standard)
  • HY-W017524R
    2-Methylpentanedioic acid (Standard)
    2-Methylpentanedioic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Methylpentanedioic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Methylpentanedioic acid is a metabolite of succinic acid, a citric acid cycle intermediate.
    2-Methylpentanedioic acid (Standard)
  • HY-101406R
    Thyroxine sulfate (Standard)
    Thyroxine sulfate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Thyroxine sulfate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Thyroxine sulfate is a thyroid hormone metabolite.
    Thyroxine sulfate (Standard)
  • HY-B1131R
    Taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate (Standard)
    Zuclopenthixol (dihydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Zuclopenthixol (dihydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Zuclopenthixol ((Z)-Clopenthixol) dihydrochloride is a thioxanthene derivative which acts as a mixed dopamine D1/D2 receptor antagonist. Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride is used in the study of schizophrenia.
    Taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate (Standard)
  • HY-N0367R
    Trans-Anethole (Standard)
    Trans-Anethole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Trans-Anethole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Trans-Anethole ((E)-Anethole) is an orally active phenylpropene derivative found in Foeniculum vulgare that is estrogenic at low concentrations and cytotoxic at high concentrations in tumor cell lines. Trans-Anethole also has anti-aflatoxin, anti-thrombotic and anti-diabetic activities. Trans-Anethole is an important odor component in plants such as fennel, myrtle, liquorice, and camphor.
    Trans-Anethole (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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