2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N19938
    Roseopurpurin B
    		Inhibitor
    Roseopurpurin B is a polyketide compound found in Aspergillus aculeatus DL1011 and Penicillium roseopurpureum (CMB-MF038), with DPPH scavenging activity. Roseopurpurin B shows no cytotoxicity against human cancer cells, and exhibits no growth inhibitory activity against Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria.
    Roseopurpurin B
  • HY-179702
    KD36
    		Inducer
    KD36 is a selective KRAS-G12C inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.92 μM. KD36 can inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT, induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby leading to apoptosis of KRAS-G12C mutant cells. KD36 can be used in the research of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
    KD36
  • HY-W714006
    Cochliodinol
    Cochliodinol (compound 1) is a metabolite derived from the Apis mellifera ligustica. Cochliodinol has strong free radical scavenging activity of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrohydrazine (DPPH) (IC50=3.06 μg/mL).
    Cochliodinol
  • HY-108659
    NF340
    		Inhibitor
    NF340 is a P2Y11 receptor inhibitor with a pIC50 of 7.3-7.7 against human P2Y11 receptor, and it exhibits high selectivity over other P2Y family receptors. NF340 binds to the ATP-binding amino acid residues of the P2Y11 receptor to inhibit its activity, block nociceptive activity, and reduce spinal dorsal horn P2Y11 receptor upregulation induced by spinal nerve injury. NF340 attenuates the NFκB signaling pathway activated by IL-1β by decreasing IκBα phosphorylation, nuclear p65 accumulation, and NFκB promoter activity. NF340 inhibits IL-1β-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, reduces intracellular ROS and 4-HNE levels, and suppresses IL-1β-induced matrix metalloproteinase expression in primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes. NF340 inhibits ATP-induced elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and cell migration in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. NF340 can be used in the research of neuropathic pain, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, inflammatory pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
    NF340
  • HY-B0849S
    Azoxystrobin-d4
    		Activator
    Azoxystrobin-d4 is deuterium labeled Azoxystrobin. Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.
    Azoxystrobin-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-172782
    BuChE-IN-20
    		Inhibitor
    BuChE-IN-20 is a selective butyrylcholinesterase (hBuChE) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.13 μM) with BBB permeability. BuChE-IN-20 is a L-Tryptophan derivative. BuChE-IN-20 possesses neuroprotective properties by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and lowering the levels of ROS. BuChE-IN-20 is proficient in inhibiting the self-aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides. BuChE-IN-20 can be used in research for Alzheimer’s disease.
    BuChE-IN-20
  • HY-N17779
    3-O-Caffeoyl-5-O-feruloylquinic acid
    		Inhibitor
    3-O-Caffeoyl-5-O-feruloylquinic acid is a quinic acid-based phenolic compound that can be isolated from Eryngium bourgatii. 3-O-Caffeoyl-5-O-feruloylquinic acid regulates free radical scavenging and inflammatory pathways, exerting antioxidant activity through electron transfer and hydrogen atom transfer mechanisms. It also inhibits TNF-α-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and its transcripts in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
    3-O-Caffeoyl-5-O-feruloylquinic acid
  • HY-116135
    R24
    		Agonist
    R24 is a type of flavonoid derivative. R24 exhibits strong anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative effects. R24 induces cell apoptosis and promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). R24 can be used for the study of cancers such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer.
    R24
  • HY-B0166S5
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-4
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-4 is the 13C labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collag
    L-Ascorbic acid-<sup>13</sup>C-4
  • HY-124487
    GK-136901
    		Inhibitor
    GK-136901 is an orally active, dual Nox1/Nox4 NADPH oxidase inhibitor with a Ki of 160 nM for Nox1 and 165 nM for Nox4. GK-136901 potently blocks high glucose-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production, p38-MAPK phosphorylation, and upregulation of TGF-β1/2 and fibronectin (fibronectin) in renal cells. GK-136901 also inhibits the proliferation of mouse pulmonary vascular cells under hypoxic conditions. GK-136901 is applicable to the research on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetic nephropathy, high glucose-related renal lesions and pulmonary hypertension.
    GK-136901
  • HY-B0860R
    Diuron (Standard)
    		Activator
    Diuron (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diuron (HY-B0860). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diuron is an orally active phenylurea herbicide. Diuron inhibits photosynthesis in plants by blocking the formation of ATP and NADH. Diuron increases the production of ROS. Diuron increases expression of p53 in certain cell lines. Diuron has herbicidal activity against annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and grass weeds. Diuron promotes DMBA/BBN-induced bladder cancer. Diuron can be used in breast cancer research.
    Diuron (Standard)
  • HY-P1184
    HNGF6A
    		Inhibitor
    HNGF6A is a humanin analogue. HNGF6A increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, and has the potential for diabetes research. HNGF6A inhibits of ROS production during oxidative stress. HNGF6A can prevent endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in vivo.
    HNGF6A
  • HY-175666
    ISAM-CG557
    		Inhibitor
    ISAM-CG557 is a selective CB2R agonist, with a Ki of 54.6 nM. ISAM-CG557 reduces intracellular ROS levels and caspase activity. ISAM-CG557 exhibits significant MAPK bias and moderate G-protein bias, with CB2R EC50s of 0.60 nM (cAMP), 60.9 nM (β-arrestin) and 0.03 nM (MAPK). ISAM-CG557 exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines in cells. ISAM-CG557 can be used for the study of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.
    ISAM-CG557
  • HY-N12653
    Exserohilone
    		Inhibitor
    Exserohilone ((-)-Exserohilone) is a thiodiketopiperazine derivative that exhibits the inhibition of TNF-α-induced ROS generation and MMP-1 secretion. Exserohilone increases the procollagen type I α1 secretion in human dermal fibroblasts.
    Exserohilone
  • HY-176726
    ZnPc-amide-PEG3-C2-NH2
    		Inducer
    ZnPc-amide-PEG3-C2-NH2 is a photosensitizer-linker conjugate which consists of ZnPcPs (HY-176725) and a linker (HY-W040165). ZnPc-amide-PEG3-C2-NH2 can be used to synthesize the photo-activated BRD4 degrader pZnPc-O3-JQ1 (HY-176724).
    ZnPc-amide-PEG3-C2-NH2
  • HY-P10821
    Myr-Tat-PKCβII
    		Inhibitor
    Myr-Tat-PKCβII is a cell permeable protein kinase C β II peptide inhibitor. Myr-Tat-PKCβII mitigates the generation of reactive oxygen species in rat ex-vivo and porcine in-vivo ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    Myr-Tat-PKCβII
  • HY-155055
    Antiproliferative agent-26
    Antiproliferative agent-26 (compound 4g) is an antiproliferative agent with much broad range of activity targeting Leukemia, CNS, Melanoma, Renal and Breast (at the concentration of 10 μM). Antiproliferative agent-26 inhibits colony forming and arrests cell cycle at G1 phase/S phase at 5 μM and 25 μM, respectively.
    Antiproliferative agent-26
  • HY-182072
    GPX4-IN-23
    		Activator
    GPX4-IN-23 (Compound 3e) is a GPX4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.27 μM. GPX4-IN-23 induces Ferroptosis by enhancing lipid peroxidation, ROS production, and intracellular GSH depletion. GPX4-IN-23 exhibits antiproliferative activity against central nervous system cancer cells. GPX4-IN-23 can be used in studies related to central nervous system cancers.
    GPX4-IN-23
  • HY-181598
    GPX4 degrader-1
    		Activator
    GPX4 degrader-1 (Compound RS-1) is a hydrophobic tagging (HyT)-mediated GPX4 degrader (DC50: 8.9 nM in HT1080 cells) GPX4 degrader-1 induces GPX4 degradation. GPX4 degrader-1 induces Ferroptosis. GPX4 degrader-1 increases lipid ROS. GPX4 degrader-1 demonstrates potent antitumor efficacy in a murine mammary carcinoma model.
    GPX4 degrader-1
  • HY-W040028
    Cartap hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Cartap hydrochloride, an organonitrogen insecticide, can cause a marked irreversible Ca2+-dependent contracture in both isolated mouse and rabbit phrenic nerve-diaphragms. Cartap hydrochloride significantly increases the level of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C2C12 cells.
    Cartap hydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity