Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Modulator

Cytochrome C is a multi-functional enzyme involving in life and death decisions of the cell. Cytochrome C is essential in mitochondrial electron transport and intrinsic type II apoptosis.

Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E (A2E) TFA is a fluorophore that can be isolated from lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E TFA is an initiator of blue-light-induced apoptosis. Photoactivation of Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E TFA mediates autophagy and the production of reactive oxygen species. Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E TFA can be used in the study of retinal degenerative diseases.

β-Carotene (Provitamin A), a carotenoid compound, is a naturally-occurring vitamin A precursor. β-Carotene is a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. β-Carotene may serve as an antioxidant or as a prooxidant, depending on its intrinsic properties as well as on the redox potential of the biological environment in which it acts. β-Carotene induces breast cancer cells apoptosis, with anticancer activities.

SKI-II is an orally active dual-target inhibitor of SphK1/2 and DES1, with K_i values of 16 µM and 0.3 µM against SphK1 and DES1, respectively. SKI-II activates the PERK-Nrf2 antioxidant pathway by stabilizing Nrf2, and synergizes with Temozolomide (HY-17364) to induce oxidative/endoplasmic reticulum stress and cancer cell death under hypoxic conditions. In vivo, SKI-II inhibits SphK activity, promotes ceramide accumulation and apoptosis, and synergizes with Cisplatin (HY-17394) to reverse drug resistance via the ras/MAPK pathway. SKI-II reduces measles virus replication by inhibiting mTORC1 activity. SKI-II binds to VCP to induce M1 polarization, enhances host tolerance to Staphylococcus aureus infection, and exerts radioprotective effects through Nrf2 activation and accelerated DNA repair. SKI-II can be used in research related to glioblastoma, acute myeloid leukemia, gastric cancer, measles virus infection, Staphylococcus aureus infection, and acute radiation syndrome.

Berberine hemisulfate is the hemisulfate form of Berberine (HY-N0716). Berberine hemisulfate is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian. Berberine hemisulfate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibiobic, antitumor, cardiovascular protective and neuroprotective activity.

Bovine pituitary extract is a bovine pituitary extract that can be used as a mitogenic supplement in serum-free growth media. Bovine pituitary extract is rich in growth factors. Bovine pituitary extract not only promotes the proliferation of corneal keratinocytes and maintains their phenotype, but also exerts significant antioxidant stress protective effects on human prostate epithelial cells.

Nialamide is a non-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Nialamide inhibits MAO and regulates ROS production. Nialamide induces hyperkinesis in animals, enhances the anticonvulsant effect of Diphenylhydantoin in mice, increases rectal temperature, and enhances the pressor effect of Norepinephrine. Nialamide can be used in the research of depression, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and hypertension.

β-Carotene (Standard) is the analytical standard of β-Carotene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. β-Carotene (Provitamin A), a carotenoid compound, is a naturally-occurring vitamin A precursor. β-Carotene is a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. β-Carotene may serve as an antioxidant or as a prooxidant, depending on its intrinsic properties as well as on the redox potential of the biological environment in which it acts. β-Carotene induces breast cancer cells apoptosis, with anticancer activities.

Sonlicromanol (KH176) is an orally active reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator for the study in mitochondrial disease.

Sonlicromanol (KH176) hydrochloride, a chemical entity derivative of Trolox, is a blood-brain barrier permeable ROS-redox modulator. Sonlicromanol (KH176) hydrochloride is used in the study for mitochondrial disorders.

Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E (A2E) is a fluorophore that can be isolated from lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E is an initiator of blue-light-induced apoptosis. Photoactivation of Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E mediates autophagy and the production of reactive oxygen species. Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E can be used in the study of retinal degenerative diseases.

Norbixin is an orally active natural product with multiple activities such as retinal protection and oxidative stress regulation. Norbixin scavenges ROS, chelates metal ions, regulates plasmid and genomic DNA breakage, inhibits H₂O₂-induced mutagenesis, activates PPAR-α, modulates lipid levels, restores or regulates antioxidant enzyme activity, and alters NO levels. Norbixin prevents A2E accumulation and protects photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells. Norbixin is a derivative of Bixin (HY-N6884). Norbixin can be used in research related to diseases such as macular degeneration and diabetes, and also serves as a natural textile dye.

Nialamide hydrochloride is a non-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Nialamide hydrochloride inhibits MAO and regulates ROS production. Nialamide hydrochloride induces hyperkinesis in animals, enhances the anticonvulsant effect of Diphenylhydantoin in mice, increases rectal temperature, and enhances the pressor effect of Norepinephrine. Nialamide hydrochloride can be used in the research of depression, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and hypertension.

BD-AcAc2 (R,S-1,3-Butanediol acetoacetate diester) is an orally active, CNS-penetrant antiepileptic agent. BD-AcAc2 inhibits NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1/3, pyroptosis, apoptosis, and enhances autophagy. BD-AcAc2 exhibits antioxidant activity by modulating ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH levels, and alleviates oxidative stress. BD-AcAc2 mitigates chronic colitis, counteracts Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced pathology, protects against central nervous system oxygen toxicity and acute lung injury, and exhibits anti-seizure efficacy. BD-AcAc2 can be used for the research of colitis, sarcopenia, acute lung injury, seizure, and obesity.

Sutherlandioside D is a natural product present in the aerial parts of Sutherlandia frutescens. Sutherlandioside D acts as an inhibitor of the Gli/hedgehog signaling pathway and exhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulatory activity. Sutherlandioside D inhibits Gli reporter gene activity and reduces ROS production. Sutherlandioside D can be used in prostate cancer-related research.

Berberine (hemisulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Berberine (hemisulfate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Berberine hemisulfate is the hemisulfate form of Berberine (HY-N0716). Berberine hemisulfate is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian. Berberine hemisulfate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibiobic, antitumor, cardiovascular protective and neuroprotective activity.

CDK4/6-IN-26 is a carbamate derivative that targets CDK4/CDK6. CDK4/6-IN-26 reduces CDK4/CDK6 levels, resulting in cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and in the S phase. CDK4/6-IN-26 exhibits high potency against SW480 cells (IC₅₀ = 6.3 μM). CDK4/6-IN-26 affects ROS levels by increasing the expression of SOD2/MnSOD. CDK4/6-IN-26 establishes several interactions with the amino acids of the CDK6 active site. CDK4/6-IN-26 can be used for the research of colorectal cancer.

Se-DOPE is a phospholipid molecule with selenium. Se-DOPE can be used to synthesize the bifunctional Janus liposozyme. Se-DOPE promotes the production of ROS with induction of lights, scavenges the ROS with the presence of glutathione. Se-DOPE regulates redox and immune homeostasis in infected diabetic wounds.

2-Hexadecenal, a long-chain fatty aldehyde, is a byproduct of sphingolipid metabolism, involved in cytoskeletal reorganization, DNA damage, and apoptosis. 2-Hexadecenal regulates ROS production and induces apoptosis in polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

ALR2-IN-9 is a potent ALR2 inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 21.8 nM) with excellent antioxidant activity (EC₅₀ for DPPH radical scavenging = 2.8 μM). ALR2-IN-9 interacts directly with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)/Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) and interrupts the free radical chain reactions, and as an endogenous enzymatic antioxidant regulator, which regulates enzyme functions of CAT and SOD. ALR2-IN-9 regulates PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway to attenuate hyperglycemia-mediated mitochondrial superoxide overproduction in vitro, and ameliorates CuSO₄- and H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in vivo. ALR2-IN-9 prolongs lifespan of C. elegans via the regulation of stress response genes such as PMK-1. ALR2-IN-9 is a promising anti-aging drug candidate. ALR2-IN-9 can be used for diabetic complication research.