β-Carotene (Synonyms: Provitamin A; beta-Carotene)

Name: β-Carotene
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-N0411
Rating: 5.0 (2 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-N0411 Purity: 99.25%: Data Sheet
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β-Carotene (Provitamin A), a carotenoid compound, is a naturally-occurring vitamin A precursor. β-Carotene is a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. β-Carotene may serve as an antioxidant or as a prooxidant, depending on its intrinsic properties as well as on the redox potential of the biological environment in which it acts. β-Carotene induces breast cancer cells apoptosis, with anticancer activities.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 7235-40-7

Size	Stock	Quantity
50 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
100 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
1 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
5 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
10 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
25 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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Customer Review

Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of β-Carotene:

2 Publications Citing Use of MCE β-Carotene

Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay

Flow Cytometry

: β-Carotene purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 17:2022:2502263.; The CCK-8 assay was used to measure the viability of IEC-6 cells. IEC-6 cells were treated with β-Carotene at the indicated doses (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 μM) for 24 h.

: β-Carotene purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 17:2022:2502263.; Cells were first treated with LPS (100 μM) for 3 hours, and then with β-Carotene (10, 20, and 30 μM) for 24 hours. Apoptosis was quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry.

: β-Carotene purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 17:2022:2502263.; Cells were first treated with LPS (100 μM) for 3 hours, and then with β-Carotene (10, 20, and 30 μM) for 24 hours. The expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 was detected by Western blot.

: β-Carotene purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 17:2022:2502263.; Cells were exposed to LPS (100 μM) for 3 hours, then treated with β-Carotene (10 μM) and incubated for 24 hours with or without rapamycin (RAPA, 10 μM). Immunofluorescence was used to detect the formation of GFP-LC3 spots.

: β-Carotene purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 17:2022:2502263.; Cells were pretreated with LPS (100 μM) for 3 hours, then with β-Carotene (10 μM), and cultured for another 24 hours with or without voxtalisib (5 μM). Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay.

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Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite

Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[3]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

apoptosis

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
Raji	IC₅₀	12.7 nM Compound: beta-carotene	Inhibition of TPA-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation in Raji cells after 48 hrs Inhibition of TPA-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation in Raji cells after 48 hrs	[PMID: 17503850]
Raji	IC₅₀	397 molar ratio Compound: Beta-carotene	Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV early antigen activation in human Raji cells relative to TPA Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV early antigen activation in human Raji cells relative to TPA	[PMID: 19746919]
Raji	IC₅₀	397 molar ratio Compound: beta-carotene	Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells relative to TPA Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells relative to TPA	[PMID: 17190444]
Raji	IC₅₀	400 molar ratio Compound: Beta-Carotene	Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed per 32 pmol TPA Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed per 32 pmol TPA	[PMID: 14695799]
Raji	IC₅₀	400 molar ratio Compound: Beta-carotene	Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed per 32 pmol TPA by immunofluorescence technique Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed per 32 pmol TPA by immunofluorescence technique	[PMID: 14695801]
Raji	IC₅₀	400 molar ratio Compound: beta-carotene	Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed as EA activation per 32 pmol TPA after 48 hrs Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed as EA activation per 32 pmol TPA after 48 hrs	[PMID: 11429990]
Raji	IC₅₀	400 molar ratio Compound: beta-carotene	Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells per 32 pmol TPA after 48 hrs Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells per 32 pmol TPA after 48 hrs	[PMID: 12608849]
Raji	IC₅₀	400 molar ratio Compound: beta-carotene	Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed as early antigen activation after 48 hrs relative to control Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed as early antigen activation after 48 hrs relative to control	[PMID: 12662094]

In Vitro

β-Carotene up-regulates PPAR-γ expression and ROS production in MCF-7 cancer cells^[3].
β-Carotene (1-100 μM; 72 hours) remarkably decreases the survival of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner^[3].
β-Carotene (50 μM; 24-72 hours) significantly enhances the expression levels of PPAR-γ mRNA and protein in a time-dependent manner^[3].
β-Carotene down-regulates the COX-2 but up-regulates the p21 mRNA level and protein expression in a time dependent manner^[3].
β-Carotene significantly increases the percentage of early apoptosis and the effect was partly attenuated by pre-incubation with GW9662 (HY-16578) or GSH (HY-D0187)^[3].
β-Carotene induces cytochrome C release^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[5]

Cell Line:	MCF-7 cells
Concentration:	1 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM
Incubation Time:	72 hours
Result:	Decreased the numbers of viable cells to 70% and 50% at 20 μM and 50 μM, respectively.

RT-PCR^[5]

Cell Line:	MCF-7 cells
Concentration:	50 μM
Incubation Time:	24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours
Result:	Up-regulated the PPAR-γ mRNA.

Western Blot Analysis^[5]

Cell Line:	MCF-7 cells
Concentration:	50 μM
Incubation Time:	24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours
Result:	Up-regulated PPAR-γ protein expression levels.

Apoptosis Analysis^[5]

Cell Line:	MCF-7 cells
Concentration:	50 μM
Incubation Time:	72 hours
Result:	Induced MCF-7 cells apoptosis.

Clinical Trial

Molecular Weight

536.87

Formula

C₄₀H₅₆

CAS No.

7235-40-7

Appearance

Solid

Color

Brown to red

SMILES

CC1(C)C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)CCCC2(C)C)=C(C)CCC1

Structure Classification

Initial Source

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

-20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

THF : 10 mg/mL (18.63 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	1.8626 mL	9.3132 mL	18.6265 mL
5 mM	0.3725 mL	1.8626 mL	3.7253 mL
10 mM	0.1863 mL	0.9313 mL	1.8626 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

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In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.25%

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Data Sheet (275 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (240 KB) HNMR (285 KB) RP-HPLC (263 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Tanumihardjo, S.A., Factors influencing the conversion of carotenoids to retinol: bioavailability to bioconversion to bioefficacy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 2002. 72(1): p. 40-5. [Content Brief]

[2]. Leo, M.A., et al. Alcohol, vitamin A, and beta-carotene: adverse interactions, including hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Am J Clin Nutr, 1999. 69(6): p. 1071-85. [Content Brief]

[3]. Yanhong Cui, et al. beta-Carotene induces apoptosis and up-regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression and reactive oxygen species production in MCF-7 cancer cells. Eur J Cancer. 2007 Nov;43(17):2590-601. [Content Brief]

[4]. AKIFUMI KAWATA, et al. Anti-inflammatory Activity of β-Carotene, Lycopene and Tri-n-butylborane, a Scavenger of Reactive Oxygen Species. In Vivo. 2018 Mar-Apr; 32(2): 255-264. [Content Brief]

[5]. Paola Palozza, et al. Prooxidant effects of beta-carotene in cultured cells. Mol Aspects Med. 2003 Dec;24(6):353-62. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

THF	1 mM	1.8626 mL	9.3132 mL	18.6265 mL	46.5662 mL
	5 mM	0.3725 mL	1.8626 mL	3.7253 mL	9.3132 mL
	10 mM	0.1863 mL	0.9313 mL	1.8626 mL	4.6566 mL
	15 mM	0.1242 mL	0.6209 mL	1.2418 mL	3.1044 mL

β-Carotene Related Classifications

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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β-Carotene (Synonyms: Provitamin A; beta-Carotene)

Customer Review

Other Forms of β-Carotene:

β-Carotene Related Antibodies

2 Publications Citing Use of MCE β-Carotene

Featured Recommendations

•Related Screening Libraries:

•Related Small Molecules:

•Related Proteins:

View All Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Biological Activity

Purity & Documentation

References

Customer Review

β-Carotene Related Antibodies

Molarity Calculator

Dilution Calculator

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

β-Carotene Related Classifications

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