2. Apoptosis Immunology/Inflammation NF-κB Autophagy Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Pyroptosis NF-κB NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Caspase Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Oxidative Phosphorylation Interleukin Related
  4. BD-AcAc2

BD-AcAc2  (Synonyms: R,S-1,3-Butanediol acetoacetate diester)

Cat. No.: HY-159007
Handling Instructions Technical Support

BD-AcAc2 (R,S-1,3-Butanediol acetoacetate diester) is an orally active, CNS-penetrant antiepileptic agent. BD-AcAc2 inhibits NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1/3, pyroptosis, apoptosis, and enhances autophagy. BD-AcAc2 exhibits antioxidant activity by modulating ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH levels, and alleviates oxidative stress. BD-AcAc2 mitigates chronic colitis, counteracts Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced pathology, protects against central nervous system oxygen toxicity and acute lung injury, and exhibits anti-seizure efficacy. BD-AcAc2 can be used for the research of colitis, sarcopenia, acute lung injury, seizure, and obesity.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

BD-AcAc2

BD-AcAc2 Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 58213-75-5

Size Stock
50 mg   Get quote  
100 mg   Get quote  
250 mg   Get quote  

* Please select Quantity before adding items.

This product is a controlled substance and not for sale in your territory.

BD-AcAc2 Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

View All NF-κB Isoform Specific Products:

View All Isoforms
NF-κB NF-κB1/p50 RelA/p65 RelB c-Rel

View All NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoform Specific Products:

View All Isoforms
NLRP3 NLRP1 NOD1 NOD2

View All Caspase Isoform Specific Products:

View All Isoforms
Caspase 1 Caspase 2 Caspase 3 Caspase 4 Caspase 5 Caspase 6 Caspase 7 Caspase 8 Caspase 9 Caspase 10 Caspase 12 Caspase Caspase 11 Caspase-13

View All Interleukin Related Isoform Specific Products:

View All Isoforms
IL-1 IL-2 IL-3 IL-4 IL-5 IL-6 IL-8 IL-10 IL-12 IL-13 IL-15 IL-17 IL-23 IL-7 IL-33 IL-22 IL-18

  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

BD-AcAc2 (R,S-1,3-Butanediol acetoacetate diester) is an orally active, CNS-penetrant antiepileptic agent. BD-AcAc2 inhibits NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1/3, pyroptosis, apoptosis, and enhances autophagy. BD-AcAc2 exhibits antioxidant activity by modulating ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH levels, and alleviates oxidative stress. BD-AcAc2 mitigates chronic colitis, counteracts Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced pathology, protects against central nervous system oxygen toxicity and acute lung injury, and exhibits anti-seizure efficacy. BD-AcAc2 can be used for the research of colitis, sarcopenia, acute lung injury, seizure, and obesity[1][2][3][4][5].

IC50 & Target[1]

NLRP3 inflammasome

 

In Vivo

BD-AcAc2 (4% w/w; p.o. 24 days) mitigates chronic DSS-induced colitis in rats[1].
BD-AcAc2 (4% w/w; p.o.; 24 days) induces nutritional ketosis in healthy rats without altering normal colonic structure[1].
BD-AcAc2 (25% of dietary kcals; dietary; 9 weeks) prevents age-related increases in fat mass in mice[2].
BD-AcAc2 (2.5-10 g/kg; p.o.; single dose) protects mice from central nervous system oxygen toxicity and concomitant acute lung injury in a dose-dependent manner[3].
BD-AcAc2 (4 g/kg; i.g.; single dose) significantly increases blood βHB levels and raises the PTZ seizure threshold in rats[4].
BD-AcAc2 (30% of dietary energy; p.o.; 12 weeks) reduces body weight and adiposity in HFD-induced obese mice[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Sprague Dawley (male, 7 weeks old, 180-200 g, chronic ulcerative colitis induced by 2% DSS for 7 days, followed by 1% DSS for 10 days, then 2% DSS for 7 days)[1]
Dosage: 4% w/w
Administration: p.o.; ad libitum; 24 days
Result: Increased plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels, achieving nutritional ketosis.
Significantly reduced the percentage of body weight loss compared to DSS-only rats.
Significantly decreased the colon weight-to-length ratio compared to DSS-only rats.
Significantly reduced the disease activity index and macroscopic damage index compared to DSS-only rats.
Increased survival rate compared to DSS-only rats.
Significantly lowered the colonic inflammation score compared to DSS-only rats.
Significantly suppressed DSS-induced increases in ROS and MDA levels, and significantly reversed DSS-induced decreases in SOD and reduced GSH levels.
Significantly reduced DSS-induced increases in colon tissue levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18, and reduced IL-4 levels.
Significantly reversed DSS-induced increases in MPO activity, NF-κB DNA binding activity, caspase-1 activity, and active caspase-3 levels.
Significantly reduced DSS-induced increases in NLRP3 mRNA expression, NLRP3 protein levels, and gasdermin D N-terminal fragment (NGSDMD) levels.
Significantly increased BECN1 levels and decreased p62 levels compared to DSS-only rats, indicating enhanced autophagy.
Significantly increased colon tissue levels of tight junction proteins ZO-1, OCLN, and CLDN5 compared to DSS-only rats.
Significantly reversed DSS-induced changes in gut microbiome composition: reduced relative abundance of Fusobacterium spp., Clostridium spp., and increased relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp.
Animal Model: Sprague Dawley rats (male, 7 weeks old, 180-200 g)[1]
Dosage: 4% w/w
Administration: p.o.; 24 days
Result: Increased plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels, achieving nutritional ketosis.
Showed normal colonic mucosal architecture with regular rounded mucus-secreting glands and intact goblet cells, matching untreated normal rats.
Animal Model: C57BL/6J mice (male, 72 weeks of age, naturally aged to 83 weeks)[2]
Dosage: 25% of dietary kcals
Administration: dietary; ad libitum; 9 weeks
Result: Showed no within-group change in body weight over time.
Prevented within-group increase in fat mass over time.
Increased expression of 6 skeletal muscle genes and decreased expression of 23 skeletal muscle genes.
Reduced fatty acyl chains in triacylglycerol in skeletal muscle.
Increased levels of 11 skeletal muscle proteins and decreased levels of 33 skeletal muscle proteins compared to controls.
Animal Model: C57BL/6 mice (male, 20 g)[3]
Dosage: 2.5; 5.0; 10.0 g/kg
Administration: p.o.; single dose (20 minutes before hyperbaric oxygen exposure)
Result: Prolonged CNS oxygen toxicity seizure latency in a dose-dependent manner.
Increased mean seizure latency.
Significantly reduced hyperbaric oxygen-induced increases in brain malondialdehyde content.
Substantially alleviated hyperbaric oxygen-induced lung damage including congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and structural distortion, with only mild pulmonary vasodilation observed in treated groups.
Showed no effect on lung malondialdehyde content, as hyperbaric oxygen exposure did not affect this parameter.
Animal Model: Wistar rats (male, 250 g)[4]
Dosage: 4 g/kg
Administration: i.g.; single dose
Result: Increased urethane-corrected PTZ seizure threshold.
Raised blood βHB levels.
Confirmed a significant treatment effect on PTZ threshold.
Animal Model: C57BL/6J mice (male, 5 weeks of age at study start, HFD-induced obesity)[5]
Dosage: 30% of dietary energy
Administration: p.o.; 12 weeks
Result: Reduced final body weight.
Reduced final fat mass.
Lowered mean energy intake.
Increased adjusted resting energy expenditure (REE) and total energy expenditure (TEE) significantly compared to pair-fed controls.
Increased adjusted dark cycle REE and TEE compared to both continuous HFD and pair-fed controls.
Elevated circulating β-hydroxybutyrate concentration to 0.51 mM, higher than continuous HFD and pair-fed controls.
Increased mRNA expression of uncoupling protein-1, deiodinase-2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α in interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) compared to pair-fed controls.
Increased UCP1 protein expression in BAT compared to pair-fed controls.
Reduced hepatic triglyceride levels.
Lowered fasting serum insulin.
Decreased glucose tolerance test incremental area under the curve (AUCI) and insulin tolerance test AUCI compared to continuous HFD controls, similar to pair-fed controls.
Molecular Weight

258.27

Formula

C12H18O6
CAS No.
SMILES

O=C(CC(C)=O)OCCC(C)OC(CC(C)=O)=O
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Purity & Documentation
References
  • No file chosen (Maximum size is: 1024 Kb)
  • If you have published this work, please enter the PubMed ID.
  • Your name will appear on the site.

BD-AcAc2 Related Classifications

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

The molarity calculator equation

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass   Concentration   Volume   Molecular Weight *
= × ×

The dilution calculator equation

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
× = ×
C1   V1   C2   V2
Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

BD-AcAc258213-75-5R,S-1,3-Butanediol acetoacetate diesterPyroptosisNF-κBNOD-like Receptor (NLR)CaspaseApoptosisAutophagyReactive Oxygen Species (ROS)Oxidative PhosphorylationInterleukin RelatedNuclear factor-κBNuclear factor-kappaBILNLRP3 inflammasomeapoptosisgut barrier functionautophagyskeletal muscle regenerationpyroptosisNFκBcaspase-1caspase-3Sprague Dawley ratsInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

Your Recently Viewed Products:

Inquiry Online

Your information is safe with us. * Required Fields.

Product Name

  

Requested Quantity *

Applicant Name *

 

Salutation

Email Address *

 

Phone Number *

Department

 

Organization Name *

City

State

Country or Region *

      

Remarks

Bulk Inquiry

Inquiry Information

Product Name:
BD-AcAc2
Cat. No.:
HY-159007
Quantity:
MCE Japan Authorized Agent:

Customer Review

Thank You for Your Feedback!

Request for HNMR Report

Please fill out this form to request the QC report. We will send it to your Email address shortly.

Your information is safe with us. * Required Fields.

Product Name

  

Lot #

Applicant Name *

 

Email Address *

Phone Number

 

Department *

Organization Name *

 

Country or Region *

Remarks

SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)

Request for HNMR Report

We have received your request and will respond to you as soon as possible.