Triptolide  (Synonyms: PG490)

Triptolide is a diterpenoid triepoxide extracted from the root of Tripterygium wilfordii with immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antitumour effects. Triptolide is a NF-κB activation inhibitor^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}.

Triptolide induces apoptosis in cultured and primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) B-cells. Treatment of CD19⁺ B cells with Triptolide, induces a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis in cultured and primary CLL cells. Triptolide is selectively toxic to both high risk (n=5) and low risk CLL (n=12) B cells (10 to 50 nM range) while largely sparing normal B-cells (n=5). Consistent with the inhibition of heat-shock induced HSP transcription, treatment with Triptolide attenuates heat-shock induced expression of HSPs^[1]. Triptolide is a natural product derived from the Chinese plant Tripterygium wilfordii, is reported to exhibit antitumor effects in a broad range of cancers. Triptolide inhibits MDM2 expression in a dose-dependent manner, even at low concentrations spanning 20-100 nM in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Triptolide exhibits strongly cytotoxic activity in all 8 cell lines having native MDM2 overexpression, with IC₅₀ values range from 47 to 73 nM. Triptolide exhibits much less cytotoxic effect on EU-4 cells that express very low level of MDM2, while it effectively kill these cells when MDM2 is stably transfected (IC₅₀ values: 725 nM vs. 88 nM)^[2]. Differentiated PC12 cells are incubated with different concentrations of Triptolide (0.01, 0.1, and 1 nM) in the presence of 10 μM Aβ_25-35 for 24 hours and MTT assay is used to detect the effect of Triptolide. The results show that Aβ_25-35 can decrease the cell viability and when treated with Triptolide the viability of differentiated PC12 cells is significantly increased. The results indicate that Triptolide can alleviate cellular damage caused by Aβ_25-35, which means that Triptolide has a neuroprotective effect^[3].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

The Triptolide (TP) plasma concentrations are declined rapidly in mice after receive an intravenous dose. After 2h of injection, the Triptolide concentrations are dropped below the lower limit of quantification for all three groups. A comparison of the parameters is made between the control and the treated groups to assess the effect of P-gp inhibition on the Triptolide exposure and elimination. Treatment with the mdr1a-siRNA can significantly enhance the Triptolide plasma exposure, with the C_max increases from 413±74 to 510±94 ng/mL (P<0.05) and the AUC from 103.5±9.6 to 154.3±30.2 ng•h/mL (P<0.05). In the concomitant group with Tariquidar, the significantly increased AUC is also noted, from 103.5±9.6 of the control to 145.9±24.6 ng•h/mL of the Triptolide+Tariquidar group (P<0.05). Accordingly, the total body clearance of Triptolide in mice is remarkably decreased, from 9564±1024.2 mL/min/kg of the control to 6576.4±1438.5 (P<0.05) and 5755.4±1200.1 mL/min/kg (P<0.05) for Triptolide+Tariquidar and Triptolide+mdr1a-siRNA groups, respectively^[4].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

360.40

Solid

C₂₀H₂₄O₆

38748-32-2

C[[email protected]@]12[[email protected]@]34[[email protected]](O5)([[email protected]@H]([[email protected]](O6)(C(C)C)[[email protected]@H]6[[email protected]@H]3O4)O)[[email protected]@H]5C[[email protected]@]1([H])C7=C(C(OC7)=O)CC2

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, stored under nitrogen

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)

• [1]. Ganguly S, et al. Targeting HSF1 disrupts HSP90 chaperone function in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget. 2015 Oct 13;6(31):31767-79.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Huang M, et al. Triptolide inhibits MDM2 and induces apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells through a p53-independent pathway. Mol Cancer Ther. 2013 Feb;12(2):184-94.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Xu P, et al. Triptolide Inhibited Cytotoxicity of Differentiated PC12 Cells Induced by Amyloid-Beta25-35 via the Autophagy Pathway. PLoS One. 2015 Nov 10;10(11):e0142719.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Kong LL, et al. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein Gene Expression and Function Enhances Triptolide-induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Sci Rep. 2015 Jul 2;5:11747.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Zhang W, et al. Triptolide Combined with Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via NF-κB-Related Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Dec 19;17(12). pii: E2139.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Cai J, et al. Natural product triptolide induces GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in head and neck cancer through suppressing mitochondrial hexokinase-ΙΙ. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2021;40(1):190. Published 2021 Jun 9.  [Content Brief]