Dimethyl fumarate
Based on 57 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an orally active and brain-penetrant Nrf2 activator and induces upregulation of antioxidant gene expression. Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells through GSH depletion/ROS increase/MAPKs activation pathway, and also induces cell autophagy. Dimethyl fumarate can be used for multiple sclerosis research.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.95%
- CAS No.: 624-49-7
- Formula: C6H8O4
- Molecular Weight:144.13
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Dimethyl fumarate
More- Nature. 2023 Mar;615(7952):490-498. [Abstract]
- Nat Immunol. 2025 Dec;26(12):2148-2158. [Abstract]
- Nat Immunol. 2025 Oct;26(10):1660-1672. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Nov 17;16(1):10060. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Jan 31;16(1):1233. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2023 Dec:68:102938. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Res. 2023 Mar:189:106697. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2025 Jul 9;22(1):176. [Abstract]
- Acta Biomater. 2025 Apr 8:S1742-7061(25)00256-9. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2024 Mar 18;15(3):224. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2020 Jun 15;11(6):459. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2026 May:361:151905. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 May 1:143885. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Jun:141:156697. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2021 Jan;80:153370. [Abstract]
- ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2025 Mar 26;17(12):17932-17947. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Dec 10;44(12):116671. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Jun 25;44(7):115917. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2022 Oct 25;41(4):111553. [Abstract]
- Antioxidants (Basel). 025 Jan 24;14(2):137. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2023 May 17;71(19):7427-7439. [Abstract]
- Antioxid Redox Signal. 2025 Jun;42(16-18):954-972. [Abstract]
- Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2025 Oct 29. [Abstract]
- Commun Biol. 2025 Nov 19;8(1):1610. [Abstract]
- Respir Res. 2020 Sep 9;21(1):232. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jan 9;26(2):520. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Sep 1:165:115461. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Sep 5:165:115472. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Jul 5:974:176620. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Feb 5:964:176298. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Jul:120:110381. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2022 Jan:102:108395. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Sep:98:107844. [Abstract]
- Mol Neurobiol. 2025 Jul;62(7):8439-8456. [Abstract]
- Mol Neurobiol. 2024 Apr;61(4):1936-1952. [Abstract]
- Exp Neurol. 2026 Jul:401:115747. [Abstract]
- World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Aug 21;39(10):284. [Abstract]
- J Inflamm Res. 2024 Sep 10:17:6277-6295. [Abstract]
- Aquaculture. 2025 Sep 15.
- Sci Rep. 2023 Sep 1;13(1):14359. [Abstract]
- Aging (Albany NY). 2018 Aug 16;10(8):2016-2036. [Abstract]
- J Mol Endocrinol. 2018 Oct 15;61(4):163-172. [Abstract]
- Bone. 2024 Dec 26:117384. [Abstract]
- ChemMedChem. 2022 Mar 4;17(5):e202100732. [Abstract]
- J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2025 Jul 5. [Abstract]
- Arch Biochem Biophys. 2023 May 1:739:109568. [Abstract]
- BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2025 Jul 17;26(1):134. [Abstract]
- Brain Res. 2025 Jun 1:1856:149572. [Abstract]
- Adv Ther (Weinh). 2024 Nov 13.
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022 Sep 24:622:129-135. [Abstract]
- Thromb J. 2021 Aug 28;19(1):61. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2025 April 30.
- SSRN. 2025 Feb 18.
- Patent. US20250018019A1.
- Tunku Abdul Rahman University. 2024 Mar 11.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Apr 14.
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Jul.
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| THP-1 | IC50 |
10.6 μM
Compound: 1; DMF
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Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-23 production in IFN-gamma primed human THP-1 cells preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation for 18 hrs by sandwich ELISA
Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-23 production in IFN-gamma primed human THP-1 cells preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation for 18 hrs by sandwich ELISA
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[PMID: 38116420] |
| U2OS | CC50 |
270 μM
Compound: 35
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Cytotoxicity against human U2OS cells expressing tetracyclin/Dox-inducible N-terminal 3xFLAG/C-terminal GFP tagged human TET1 catalytic domain (1481 to 2136 residues) assessed as effect on nuclear count by DAPI staining based analysis
Cytotoxicity against human U2OS cells expressing tetracyclin/Dox-inducible N-terminal 3xFLAG/C-terminal GFP tagged human TET1 catalytic domain (1481 to 2136 residues) assessed as effect on nuclear count by DAPI staining based analysis
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[PMID: 38294854] |
| U2OS | EC50 |
5.11 μM
Compound: DMF
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Activation of NRF2 in human U2OS cells co-expressing Keap1 (unknown origin) assessed as induction of NRF2 translocation to nucleus incubated for 6 hrs by beta-galactosidase based chemiluminescent assay
Activation of NRF2 in human U2OS cells co-expressing Keap1 (unknown origin) assessed as induction of NRF2 translocation to nucleus incubated for 6 hrs by beta-galactosidase based chemiluminescent assay
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[PMID: 31670201] |
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF; 20-200 μM; 24 hours) treatment dose-dependently reduces the viability of SGC-7901, HT29, HCT116 and CT26 cancer cells[1].
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF; 100 μM; 3-24 hours) significantly activates JNK, p38 and ERK in CT26 cells[1].
Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells and the mechanism involves GSH depletion, an increase in ROS and activation of MAPKs-mediated signalling[1].
Dimethyl fumarate inhibits dendritic cell (DC) maturation by reducing inflammatory cytokine production (IL-12 and IL-6) and the expression of MHC class II, CD80, and CD86. Dimethyl fumarate impairs NF-κB signaling via reduced p65 nuclear translocalization and phosphorylation. Dimethyl fumarate inhibits maturation of DCs and subsequently Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation by suppression of both NF-κB and ERK1/2-MSK1 signaling[2].
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an immune modulator and inducer of the antioxidant response, suppresses HIV replication and neurotoxin release[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:SGC-7901, HT29, HCT116 and CT26 cells
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Concentration:20 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM, 200 μM
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Incubation Time:24 hours
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Result:Reduced cell viability in SGC-7901, HT29, HCT116 and CT26 cancer cells.
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Cell Line:CT26 cancer cells
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Concentration:100 μM
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Incubation Time:3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours
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Result:Significantly activated JNK, p38 and ERK in CT26 cells after treatment from 3 to 24 h.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Male C57BL/6 mice (8-week-old)[4]
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Dosage:50 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral gavage; daily; for 7 days
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Result:Was shown to upregulate mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and Nrf2-regulated cytoprotective genes.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 624-49-7
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 144.13
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Formula C6H8O4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(OC)/C=C/C(OC)=O
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 1 year -20°C 6 months
Publications (57)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2023 Mar;615(7952):490-498. PMID: 36890227
Dimethyl fumarate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nature. 2023 Mar;615(7952):490-498. [Abstract]
Both Fumarate hydratase-IN-1 (FHIN1) and Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) treatment limit IFNβ-induced STAT1 and JAK1 phosphorylation in BMDMs.
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Nat Immunol
Single-cell analysis reveals cell death as driver of NLRP3-mediated secretion of IL-1β in human monocytes. [Abstract]2025 Dec;26(12):2148-2158. PMID: 41219490 -
Nat Immunol
Delaying pyroptosis with an AI-screened gasdermin D pore blocker mitigates inflammatory response. [Abstract]2025 Oct;26(10):1660-1672. PMID: 40954252
Dimethyl fumarate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Immunol. 2025 Oct;26(10):1660-1672. [Abstract]
Wild-type (WT) and Gsdmd−/− mice were intraperitoneally injected with 15 mg/kg (body weight) LPS and treated with normal saline, SK56 (1 mg/kg (body weight) i.v.) or 50 mg/kg (body weight) DSF, 50 mg/kg (body weight) DMF or 20 mg/kg (body weight) Necrosulfonamide (NSA) i.p. at 16 h after LPS injection. Blood AST, BUN, ALT and CK levels in wild-type and Gsdmd−/− mice treated as in a at day 2 after LPS injection; n = 6 mice.
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Nat Commun
RIOK2 kinase regulates the translocation of the FADD-RIPK1-Caspase-8 complex to the ER and the cleavage of Gasdermin D to drive pyroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Nov 17;16(1):10060. PMID: 41249793 -
Nat Commun
2025 Jan 31;16(1):1233. PMID: 39890804 -
Redox Biol
Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates erectile dysfunction in bilateral cavernous nerve injury rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis of nerve via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2023 Dec:68:102938. PMID: 37931471 -
Pharmacol Res
Dimethyl fumarate inhibits necroptosis and alleviates systemic inflammatory response syndrome by blocking the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL axis. [Abstract]2023 Mar:189:106697. PMID: 36796462
Dimethyl fumarate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmacol Res. 2023 Mar:189:106697. [Abstract]
The oligomerized MLKL induced by TSI in both J774A.1 (Fig. E) and BMDMs (Fig. F) are almost completely inhibited by Dimethyl fumarate (DMF; 25, 50 μM; 3 h) treatment in these murine macrophages.
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J Neuroinflammation
Pharmacological inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway suppresses microglia pyroptosis in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. [Abstract]2025 Jul 9;22(1):176. PMID: 40634978 -
Acta Biomater
Drug-loaded microneedle patches containing regulatory T cell-derived exosomes for psoriasis treatment. [Abstract]2025 Apr 8:S1742-7061(25)00256-9. PMID: 40210183 -
Cell Death Dis
Disrupting pro-survival and inflammatory pathways with dimethyl fumarate sensitizes chronic lymphocytic leukemia to cell death. [Abstract]2024 Mar 18;15(3):224. PMID: 38494482 -
Cell Death Dis
Brd4 inhibition ameliorates Pyocyanin-mediated macrophage dysfunction via transcriptional repression of reactive oxygen and nitrogen free radical pathways. [Abstract]2020 Jun 15;11(6):459. PMID: 32541671 -
Int J Biol Macromol
NIM5 series brain-penetrant NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors suppress neuroinflammation in EAE and Alzheimer's models. [Abstract]2026 May:361:151905. PMID: 41962712 -
Int J Biol Macromol
2025 May 1:143885. PMID: 40318732 -
Phytomedicine
Vaccarin ameliorates osteoarthritis by suppressing the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) pathway mediating chondrocyte senescence. [Abstract]2025 Jun:141:156697. PMID: 40215820 -
Phytomedicine
Ginkgetin derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves enhances the therapeutic effect of cisplatin via ferroptosis-mediated disruption of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis in EGFR wild-type non-small-cell lung cancer. [Abstract]2021 Jan;80:153370. PMID: 33113504 -
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
Reprogramming Macrophage Phenotype Using a Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Liposome Delivery System for Inflammation Microenvironment Remodeling and Osteoarthritis Treatment. [Abstract]2025 Mar 26;17(12):17932-17947. PMID: 40094857 -
Cell Rep
Microglial macrophage-derived ds-HMGB1 in DRG orchestrates neuropathic pain through immune-neural signaling. [Abstract]2025 Dec 10;44(12):116671. PMID: 41385369 -
Cell Rep
Identifying the target, mechanism, and agonist of α-ketoglutaric acid in delaying mesenchymal stem cell senescence. [Abstract]2025 Jun 25;44(7):115917. PMID: 40570373 -
Cell Rep
2022 Oct 25;41(4):111553. PMID: 36288704 -
Antioxidants (Basel)
Effect of Media Composition and Oxygen Tension on Cellular Stress Response and Nrf2 Activation in HepG2ARE Cells. [Abstract]025 Jan 24;14(2):137. PMID: 40002325 -
J Agric Food Chem
Quercetin Alleviates Acrylamide-Induced Liver Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy-Dependent Ferroptosis. [Abstract]2023 May 17;71(19):7427-7439. PMID: 37134181 -
Antioxid Redox Signal
Androgen Receptor Mediates Dopamine Agonist Resistance by Regulating Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species in Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma. [Abstract]2025 Jun;42(16-18):954-972. PMID: 39360800 -
Drug Deliv Transl Res
Leveraging quantum chemical properties in transfer learning for predicting blood-brain barrier permeability of drugs. [Abstract]2025 Oct 29. PMID: 41160380 -
Commun Biol
Druggable genome CRISPR screening identifies the KEAP1/NRF2 axis as a mediator of PD-L1 expression. [Abstract]2025 Nov 19;8(1):1610. PMID: 41261174 -
Respir Res
Nrf2 protects against seawater drowning-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting ferroptosis. [Abstract]2020 Sep 9;21(1):232. PMID: 32907551 -
Int J Mol Sci
HERV-W Env Induces Neuron Pyroptosis via the NLRP3-CASP1-GSDMD Pathway in Recent-Onset Schizophrenia. [Abstract]2025 Jan 9;26(2):520. PMID: 39859234 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Sotagliflozin attenuates atrial oxidative stress and the susceptibility to atrial fibrillation by activating the NRF2/HO-1 pathway. [Abstract]2025 Sep 1:165:115461. PMID: 40897116 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Dimethyl fumarate mitigates osteoarthritis progression through Nrf2 activation-mediated suppression of oxidative stress and subchondral osteoclastogenesis. [Abstract]2025 Sep 5:165:115472. PMID: 40913865 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Oridonin promotes RSL3-induced ferroptosis in breast cancer cells by regulating the oxidative stress signaling pathway JNK/Nrf2/HO-1. [Abstract]2024 Jul 5:974:176620. PMID: 38685305 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Fisetin suppresses ferroptosis through Nrf2 and attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration in rats. [Abstract]2024 Feb 5:964:176298. PMID: 38145645 -
Int Immunopharmacol
2023 Jul:120:110381. PMID: 37245302 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Dimethyl fumarate attenuates LPS induced septic acute kidney injury by suppression of NFκB p65 phosphorylation and macrophage activation. [Abstract]2022 Jan:102:108395. PMID: 34915410 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Dimethyl fumarate improves cognitive deficits in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats by alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis via NRF2/ARE/NF-κB signal pathway. [Abstract]2021 Sep:98:107844. PMID: 34153667 -
Mol Neurobiol
Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway by Tetrahydroberberine Suppresses Ferroptosis and Enhances Functional Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury. [Abstract]2025 Jul;62(7):8439-8456. PMID: 40011360 -
Mol Neurobiol
Teriflunomide Promotes Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity by Upregulating Claudin-1 via the Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway in Multiple Sclerosis. [Abstract]2024 Apr;61(4):1936-1952. PMID: 37819429 -
Exp Neurol
Nrf2 modulates the IRF7-SLC31A1 axis to suppress neuronal cuproptosis after traumatic brain injury. [Abstract]2026 Jul:401:115747. PMID: 41903734 -
World J Microbiol Biotechnol
Helicobacter pylori infection induces autophagy via ILK regulation of NOXs-ROS-Nrf2/HO-1-ROS loop. [Abstract]2023 Aug 21;39(10):284. PMID: 37599292 -
J Inflamm Res
Nrf2 Deficiency Exacerbates Parkinson's Disease by Aggravating NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in MPTP-Induced Mouse Models and LPS-Induced BV2 Cells. [Abstract]2024 Sep 10:17:6277-6295. PMID: 39281779 -
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Sci Rep
Nrf2 inhibition increases sensitivity to chemotherapy of colorectal cancer by promoting ferroptosis and pyroptosis. [Abstract]2023 Sep 1;13(1):14359. PMID: 37658132 -
Aging (Albany NY)
Lycopene ameliorates oxidative stress in the aging chicken ovary via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. [Abstract]2018 Aug 16;10(8):2016-2036. PMID: 30115814
Dimethyl fumarate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Aging (Albany NY). 2018 Aug 16;10(8):2016-2036. [Abstract]
Relative changes in the expression of Nrf2, pNrf2 and HO-1 after treatment with D-gal alone or combined with DMF or lycopene.
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J Mol Endocrinol
2018 Oct 15;61(4):163-172. PMID: 30038053
Dimethyl fumarate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Mol Endocrinol. 2018 Oct 15;61(4):163-172. [Abstract]
Keratinocytes are subjected to normal glucose (NG), H2O2, or high glucose (HG) in the presence or absence of DMF, to measure the levels of NRF2 protein.
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Bone
2024 Dec 26:117384. PMID: 39732449 -
ChemMedChem
Andrographolide Derivatives Target the KEAP1/NRF2 Axis and Possess Potent Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity. [Abstract]2022 Mar 4;17(5):e202100732. PMID: 35099120 -
J Bioenerg Biomembr
Dimethyl fumarate improves sepsis-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting STING-mediated ferroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Jul 5. PMID: 40616736 -
Arch Biochem Biophys
Metformin ameliorates calcium oxalate crystallization and stone formation by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway: Two birds with one stone. [Abstract]2023 May 1:739:109568. PMID: 36914110 -
BMC Pharmacol Toxicol
Dimethyl fumarate attenuates liver injury in a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture by modulating inflammatory, angiogenic and pyroptotic pathways. [Abstract]2025 Jul 17;26(1):134. PMID: 40676712 -
Brain Res
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor improves depression and cognitive dysfunction in rats with ischemic stroke by mediating wolfram syndrome 1. [Abstract]2025 Jun 1:1856:149572. PMID: 40101845 -
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun
ERK1 loss accelerates the progression of osteoarthritis in aged mice via NRF2/BACH1 signaling. [Abstract]2022 Sep 24:622:129-135. PMID: 35849954 -
Thromb J
Dimethyl fumarate inhibits antibody-induced platelet destruction in immune thrombocytopenia mouse. [Abstract]2021 Aug 28;19(1):61. PMID: 34454532 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 40 mg/mL (277.53 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (14.43 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (14.43 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 2 mg/mL (13.88 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
Add each solvent one by one: 50% PEG300 50% Saline
Solubility: 7.5 mg/mL (52.04 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Add each solvent one by one: 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline
Solubility: 4 mg/mL (27.75 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (278 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Xin Xie, et al. Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells through GSH depletion/ROS increase/MAPKs activation pathway. Br J Pharmacol. 2015 Aug;172(15):3929-43. [Content Brief]
[2]. Peng H, et al. Dimethyl fumarate inhibits dendritic cell maturation via nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and mitogen stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1) signaling. J Biol Chem. 2012 Aug 10;287(33):28017-26. [Content Brief]
[3]. Cross SA, et al. Dimethyl fumarate, an immune modulator and inducer of the antioxidant response, suppresses HIV replication and macrophage-mediated neurotoxicity: a novel candidate for HIV neuroprotection. J Immunol. 2011 Nov 15;187(10):5015-25. [Content Brief]
[4]. Jing X, et al. Dimethyl fumarate attenuates 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and in animal model of Parkinson's disease by enhancing Nrf2 activity. Neuroscience. 2015 Feb 12;286:131-40 [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 6.9382 mL | 34.6909 mL | 69.3818 mL | 173.4545 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.3876 mL | 6.9382 mL | 13.8764 mL | 34.6909 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6938 mL | 3.4691 mL | 6.9382 mL | 17.3455 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.4625 mL | 2.3127 mL | 4.6255 mL | 11.5636 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3469 mL | 1.7345 mL | 3.4691 mL | 8.6727 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2775 mL | 1.3876 mL | 2.7753 mL | 6.9382 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2313 mL | 1.1564 mL | 2.3127 mL | 5.7818 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1735 mL | 0.8673 mL | 1.7345 mL | 4.3364 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1388 mL | 0.6938 mL | 1.3876 mL | 3.4691 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1156 mL | 0.5782 mL | 1.1564 mL | 2.8909 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0867 mL | 0.4336 mL | 0.8673 mL | 2.1682 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0694 mL | 0.3469 mL | 0.6938 mL | 1.7345 mL |