Amaranthaceae

Stigmasterol is an orally acitve, immunomodulatory agent with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect, as well as able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Stigmasterol activates AMPK, which in turn inhibits NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways, reduces microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, and alleviates cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Stigmasterol regulates M1/M2 polarization of microglia through the TLR4/ NF-κB pathway, thereby reducing neuropathic pain. Stigmasterol can be used for neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, and pain management, among others.

Chikusetsusaponin IVa is an orally active protein kinase activator. Chikusetsusaponin IVa binds to YAP with a K_D value of 0.388 mM. Chikusetsusaponin IVa reduces inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-10, COX-2) expression, NO production, promotes ROS generation, induces Apoptosis, inhibits MAPK, TAZ, and regulates Nrf2, JAK/STAT. Chikusetsusaponin Iva has anti-H9N2 AIV and anti-endometrial cancer activities. Chikusetsusaponin Iva shows anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and osteoprotective effects.

Cyasterone, a natural EGFR inhibitor, mainly isolated from Ajuga decumbens Thunb (Labiatae). Cyasterone manifests anti-proliferation effect by induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrests. Cyasterone may serves as a therapeutic anti-tumor agent against human tumors.

Stigmasterol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Stigmasterol (HY-N0131). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Stigmasterol is a plant sterol which has been focused on the cholesterol-lowering activity and is valued as an anti-stiffness factor in the therapy of rheumatic diseases.

Pheophytin a is a multi-target inhibitor, anticancer agent, antioxidant and antiviral agent. Pheophytin a directly binds to and inhibits HCV-NS3/4A protease (IC₅₀=0.89 μM) to block viral replication. Pheophytin a also scavenges free radicals, reduces ferric ions, and exhibits cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cells. Pheophytin a effectively inhibits LPS-induced production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, NOS2 and COX-2, as well as various pro-inflammatory cytokines, by downregulating the transcription levels of inflammatory mediators and blocking the ERK1/2 and STAT-1 pathways. In a low nerve growth factor environment, Pheophytin a also enhances ERK1/2 phosphorylation and synergistically promotes neurite outgrowth through MAPK pathway. Pheophytin a can be used to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases including chronic hepatitis C, sepsis, breast cancer and Alzheimer's disease.

Citramalic acid is an organic acid and soil phosphorus-solubilizing agent. Citramalic acid can be secreted by beet roots, and low phosphorus conditions promote its secretion.

(R)-Salsoline is a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid that can be found in Salsola arbuscula.

5,7,3-Trihydroxy-6-methoxycoumaronochromone (Compound 7) is a flavonoid C-glycoside analog found in plants of the Amaranthaceae family.

(E)-Docosyl caffeate (compound 1) can be isolated from the halophytic plant Halocnemum strobilaceum.

Celosin I, an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin isolated from the seeds of Celosia argentea L, could be used as chemical markers for the quality control of C. argentea seeds. Celosin I exhibits significant hepatoprotective effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced and N,N-dimethylformamide-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

25S-Inokosterone is a phytoecdysone in the roots of two same species of A. bidentata Blume and A. japonica Nakai, and two different species of C. capitata Moq and C. officinalis Kuan. 25S-Inokosterone has the potential for the LPS-induced acute kidney injury research.

Chalepensin is a nematicide and CYP inhibitor. Chalepensin inhibits CYP2A6, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A13, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 to varying degrees, with IC₅₀ values of 82.3 μM, 2.86 μM, 3.01 μM, 0.21 μM, 6.58 μM, 1.67 μM, 61.1 μM, and 61.7 μM, respectively. Chalepensin potently and selectively kills third-stage infective larvae of Strongyloides venezuelensis.

Achyranthoside D is a triterpene saponin from Achyranthes root.

Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (β-D-Glucopyranosyl oleanolate) is an orally active pentacyclic triterpenoid compound. Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside has anti-inflammatory effects. In ulcerative colitis models, Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can inhibit the inflammatory response, enhance the intestinal epithelial barrier function, and modulate the gut microbiota. Its mechanism of action is related to the PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used in the research of diseases such as colitis.

Patuletin is a flavonol, that can be isolated from the flowers of Tagetes patula. Patuletin shows anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells. Patuletin causes significant nuclear fragmentation and has a great capacity to induce caspase-3 activation.

Celosin H is a hepatoprotective triterpenoid saponin that can be isolated from Celosiae Semen.

25R-Inokosterone is a phytoecdysone isolated from Achyranthis Radix.

Vitexin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Vitexin 7-glucoside) is a flavone glycoside found in Beta vulgaris var. cicla. Vitexin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside shows a hepatoprotective activity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes with Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (HY-Y0298)-induced cell toxicity.

Celosin K (compound 8) can be isolated from the seeds of Semen Celosiae. Celosin K is a potent inhibitor of neuron injury elicited by t-BHP. Celosin K inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis, and acts of autophagy.

Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester (CME) is a natural triterpenoid saponin compound. Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. By inhibiting the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways, Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester significantly reduces the production of NO, PGE₂ and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), and downregulates the levels of iNOS and COX-2. Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester can be used in researches on colorectal cancer and inflammation.