Stigmasterol

Name: Stigmasterol
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-N0131
Rating: 5.0 (13 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-N0131 Purity: 99.26%: Data Sheet
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Stigmasterol is an orally acitve, immunomodulatory agent with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect, as well as able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Stigmasterol activates AMPK, which in turn inhibits NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways, reduces microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, and alleviates cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Stigmasterol regulates M1/M2 polarization of microglia through the TLR4/ NF-κB pathway, thereby reducing neuropathic pain. Stigmasterol can be used for neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, and pain management, among others.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 83-48-7

Size	Stock	Quantity
100 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
500 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
1 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
5 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
10 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
50 g	Get quote

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Customer Review

Based on 13 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Stigmasterol:

13 Publications Citing Use of MCE Stigmasterol

Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay

Cell Imaging/Staining

IHC

Histological Imaging/Staining

: Stigmasterol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Front Pharmacol. 2024 Dec 23:15:1485915. [Abstract]; The cytotoxicity of Stigmasterol (Stigma) (25, 50, 100, 200 μM) is evaluated with CCK-8 assay.

: Stigmasterol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Front Pharmacol. 2024 Dec 23:15:1485915. [Abstract]; Representative images of Hoechst 33,342 and PI staining in STC stimulated primary pancreatic acinar cells treated with or without Stigmasterol (Stigma) (50, 100 μM).

: Stigmasterol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Front Pharmacol. 2024 Dec 23:15:1485915. [Abstract]; Representative images of Bax as well Bcl-2 proteins in STC-stimulated primary pancreatic acinar cells treated with or without Stigmasterol (Stigma) (50, 100 μM).

: Stigmasterol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Front Pharmacol. 2024 Dec 23:15:1485915. [Abstract]; Representative immunohistochemistry images and quantitative analysis of p-ERK on the pancreas sections in sodium taurocholate (STC)-induced AP model mice treated with or without Stigmasterol (Stigma) (i.g, 50 or 100 mg/kg/d, 7d).

: Stigmasterol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Front Pharmacol. 2024 Dec 23:15:1485915. [Abstract]; H&E staining revealed that Stigmasterol (Stigma) (50, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) mitigated STC-induced pancreatic tissue injury, including edema, inflammatory cell infiltration.

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Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite

Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A549	IC₅₀	10.36 μM Compound: SS	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	10.1039/C6MD00178E
A549	IC₅₀	98.2 μM Compound: 4, stigmasterol	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 1 hr by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 1 hr by MTT assay	[PMID: 18343122]
Calu-1	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 7	Inhibition of human Calu1 cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting Inhibition of human Calu1 cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting	[PMID: 11374975]
DU-145	IC₅₀	22.73 μM Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22687747]
HEp-2	IC₅₀	37.5 μg/mL Compound: 6	Antiviral activity against Parainfluenza virus type 3 infected in human Hep2 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathogenic effect Antiviral activity against Parainfluenza virus type 3 infected in human Hep2 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathogenic effect	[PMID: 11678648]
HeLa	IC₅₀	12.21 μM Compound: SS	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	10.1039/C6MD00178E
HeLa	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 7	Inhibition of human HeLa cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting Inhibition of human HeLa cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting	[PMID: 11374975]
HeLa	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 19388709]
J774	IC₅₀	> 242.3 μM Compound: 12	Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells by alamar blue assay Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells by alamar blue assay	[PMID: 17637068]
K562	IC₅₀	11.14 μM Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22687747]
K562	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 7	Inhibition of human K562 cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting Inhibition of human K562 cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting	[PMID: 11374975]
KB	ED₅₀	> 4 μg/mL Compound: stigmasterol	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs	[PMID: 9644061]
KB	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: stigmasterol	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells Cytotoxicity against human KB cells	[PMID: 12398543]
MCF7	IC₅₀	21.43 μM Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22687747]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	564 μM Compound: 8	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 3 days by Celltiter-Glo assay Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 3 days by Celltiter-Glo assay	[PMID: 28945373]
P388D1	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against mouse P388D1 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse P388D1 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 19388709]
PC-3	IC₅₀	18.28 μM Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22687747]
Raji	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 7	Inhibition of human Raji cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting Inhibition of human Raji cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting	[PMID: 11374975]
Vero	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 7	Inhibition of african green monkey Vero cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting Inhibition of african green monkey Vero cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting	[PMID: 11374975]
WISH	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 7	Inhibition of human WISH cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting Inhibition of human WISH cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting	[PMID: 11374975]

In Vitro

Preincubation of Stigmasterol to IL-1beta-treated cells shows signi cant reduction of MMP-3 mRNA in human and mouse, MMP-3 protein in mouse, MMP-13 mRNA in mouse and human, ADAMTS-4 mRNA in human, PGE2 protein in human and mouse. Stigmasterol is also capable of counteracting the IL-1beta-induced NF-κB pathway^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:	GMI-R1 cells
Concentration:	1 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM, 15 μM, 20 μM, 30 μM, 40 μM, 50 μM
Incubation Time:	24 h
Result:	Showed that 1-50 μM stigmasterol did not affect the viability of GMI-R1 cells.

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:	BV2 cells
Concentration:	10 μM, 20 μM
Incubation Time:	4 h (after 24 h pretreatment with Aβ42 oligomers)
Result:	Rescued the reduction of p-AMPK(T 172) in Aβ42 oligomers treated BV2 cells. Suppressed the increase of p-IκBα and the decrease of IκBα induced by Aβ42 oligomers, reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and inhibited the increase of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 at 20 μM, which are components of the NLPR3 inflammasome.

In Vivo

Stigmasterol (50 mg/kg; gavage; once a day; one month) alleviates cognitive deficits in mice, reduced Aβ42 concentrations in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and inhibits neuroinflammation by reducing proinflammatory cytokine levels and microglial activation^[1].
Stigmasterol (40 mg/kg; gavage; twice a day; 21 days) reduces thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, serum IL-1β and IL-8 levels, and increased serum IL-4 and TGF-β levels in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI). Stigmasterol also reduces the expression of IL-1β, COX-2, and TLR4 in the right sciatic nerve and IL-1β in the spinal cord, and promoted the transformation of M1 microglia to M2 microglia in the spinal cord^[2].
Stigmasterol (50-100 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; injected before LPS treatment, single dose) can reduce the total febrile response induced by LPS in rats and mice, inhibit the proliferation of neutrophils in the blood and peritoneal fluid of mice, control lung and liver damage, and inhibit the lethal effect of LPS^[3].
Stigmasterol (20-80 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; injected 2 hours after ischemia, single dose) can effectively reduce neurological deficits and infarct damage, improve tissue pathological changes, restore the level of endogenous antioxidant defense system, reduce the expression level of beclin1 and the conversion of LC3 I to LC3 II, promote the phosphorylation of mTOR, and inhibit the phosphorylation of AMPK and JNK and the expression of JNK induced by 24 hours of reperfusion in the rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model^[4].
Stigmasterol (10 mg/kg; oral; single dose) significantly alleviates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in the passive avoidance and Morris water maze tasks, and increases the phosphorylation levels of ERK and CREB in the hippocampus in the scopolamine-induced memory impairment model in mice. This improvement can be blocked by dizocilpine (HY-15084B) and tamoxifen (HY-13757A)^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	Alzheimer's disease mouse model (APP_swe/PS1_dE9 male mice (male; 8-month-old))^[1]
Dosage:	50 mg/kg (dissolved in medium chain triglycerides (MCT))
Administration:	Gavage, once per day, one month
Result:	Significantly increased the stigmasterol concentration in the brain, liver and serum. In the Morris water maze test, it reduced the escape latency in the navigation trails and increased the time spent in the target quadrant and the number of crossovers in the probe test. ELISA results showed that it significantly reduced the Aβ42 concentration in the cortex and hippocampus, but had no significant effect on Aβ42 concentration. TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis and subsequent experiments showed that it suppressed the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β in the cortex, hippocampus and serum, decreased the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and inhibited the activated NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome in the brain.

Animal Model:	Chronic constriction injury (CCI) model (male Sprague-Dawley rats ;male; 180-220 g; 7-8 weeks old)^[2]
Dosage:	40 mg/kg
Administration:	Gavage, twice per day, 21 days
Result:	In behavioral evaluations, stigmasterol treatment relieved thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia from the 7th day to the 21st day. ELISA results showed that it decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-8) and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and TGF-β in the serum. H&E staining and immunohistochemical analysis showed that it decreased the number of inflammatory cells in the injured sciatic nerve, partially restored the tissue structure, and improved neuroinflammation in the spinal cord by reducing the expression levels of IL-1β and COX-2 and increasing the expression level of IL-10. Immunofluorescence results showed that it reduced the expression of M1 markers (such as CD32) and increased the expression of M2 markers (such as CD206) in the spinal cord. Western blotting analysis showed that it decreased the expression of Iba-1, TLR4, MyD88, pNF-κB, pP38 MAPK, pJNK, and pERK in the spinal cord.

Animal Model:	LPS-induced pyrexia model (Wistar rats; 180-220 g)^[3]
Dosage:	10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg
Administration:	Intraperitoneal injection, once, 30 min before LPS challenge
Result:	Pretreatment with stigmasterol at 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the peak increase in basal rectal temperature and the total pyrexia response (Thermal Index) compared to the control group. The inhibition rates of LPS-induced pyrexia were 39.93%, 53.05% and 77.27% respectively.

Molecular Weight

412.69

Formula

C₂₉H₄₈O

CAS No.

83-48-7

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

C[C@H](/C=C/[C@@H](CC)C(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC=C4C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C

Structure Classification

Steroids

Initial Source

Microorganisms

Endogenous metabolite

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMF : 5 mg/mL (12.12 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

Acetone : 2 mg/mL (4.85 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

Ethanol : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble)

DMSO : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

1M NaOH : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	2.4231 mL	12.1156 mL	24.2313 mL
5 mM	0.4846 mL	2.4231 mL	4.8463 mL
10 mM	0.2423 mL	1.2116 mL	2.4231 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMF 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: 0.5 mg/mL (1.21 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: Corn Oil
Solubility: 3.12 mg/mL (7.56 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 50°C
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 15% Cremophor EL 85% Saline
Solubility: 10 mg/mL (24.23 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

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μL

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.26%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (286 KB) SDS (396 KB)

COA (248 KB) HNMR (270 KB) RP-HPLC (240 KB) MS (75 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Jie F, et al. Stigmasterol attenuates inflammatory response of microglia via NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling by AMPK activation. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Sep;153:113317. [Content Brief]

[2]. Si W, et al. Stigmasterol regulates microglial M1/M2 polarization via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway to alleviate neuropathic pain. Phytother Res. 2024 Jan;38(1):265-279. [Content Brief]

[3]. Antwi AO, et al. Stigmasterol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced innate immune responses in murine models. Int Immunopharmacol. 2017 Dec;53:105-113. [Content Brief]

[4]. Sun J, et al. Stigmasterol Exerts Neuro-Protective Effect Against Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury Through Reduction Of Oxidative Stress And Inactivation Of Autophagy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2019 Oct 18;15:2991-3001. [Content Brief]

[5]. Park SJ, et al. The ameliorating effects of stigmasterol on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012 Feb 15;676(1-3):64-70. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

Acetone / DMF	1 mM	2.4231 mL	12.1156 mL	24.2313 mL	60.5782 mL
DMF	5 mM	0.4846 mL	2.4231 mL	4.8463 mL	12.1156 mL
DMF	10 mM	0.2423 mL	1.2116 mL	2.4231 mL	6.0578 mL

Stigmasterol Related Classifications

Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Stigmasterol83-48-7MMPEndogenous MetaboliteMatrix metalloproteinasesInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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Stigmasterol

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Other Forms of Stigmasterol:

Stigmasterol Related Antibodies

13 Publications Citing Use of MCE Stigmasterol

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Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Stigmasterol Related Classifications

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