2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Neuronal Signaling
  4. Cholinesterase (ChE)

Cholinesterase (ChE)

Cholinesterase (ChE)

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Cholinesterase (ChE) is a family of enzymes present in the central nervous system, particularly in nervous tissue, muscle and red cells, which catalyze the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid, a reaction necessary to allow a cholinergic neuron to return to its resting state after activation. It is one of many important enzymes needed for the proper functioning of the nervous systems of humans.

There are two types: acetylcholinesterase (AChE, acetylcholine hydrolase) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, acylcholine acylhydrolase), also known as nonspecific cholinesterase or pseudocholinesterase. AChE is primarily found in the blood on red blood cell membranes, in neuromuscular junctions, and in neural synapses, while BChE is produced in the liver and found primarily in plasma. The difference between the two types of cholinesterase is their relative preferences for substrates: AChE hydrolyzes acetylcholine faster while BChE hydrolyzes butyrylcholine faster.

Cholinesterase (ChE) Isoform Specific Products:

Cholinesterase (ChE) Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-101981S2
    Uridine 5'-monophosphate-d11 dilithium
    		Activator 99.90%
    Uridine 5'-monophosphate-d11 (5'- Uridylic acid-d11) dilithium is deuterium labeled Uridine 5'-monophosphate (HY-101981). Uridine 5'-monophosphate (5'-Uridylic acid) is an orally active mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel activator that has a protective effect on the heart. Uridine 5'-monophosphate can promote the synthesis of CDP-choline and induce apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells, which is beneficial for gut development and reduces diarrhea.
    Uridine 5'-monophosphate-d<sub>11</sub> dilithium
  • HY-B0828
    Triazophos
    		Inhibitor 99.25%
    Triazophos, a non-systemic insecticide and acaricide that acts as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, covalently and irreversibly binds to the acetylcholine binding site, thus blocking the hydrolysis of acetylcholine and leading to hyperexcitability; it is effective against a variety of soil insects and mites, including aphids, thrips, midges, beetles, Lepidoptera larvae, cutworms, and spider mites in crops such as ornamentals, cotton, rice, maize, soybeans, oil palms, olives, and coffee.
    Triazophos
  • HY-B2029
    Phosalone
    		Inhibitor 98.04%
    Phosalone is an orally active, blood-brain barrier penetrant Insecticide and acaricide. Phosalone inhibits the activity of Acetylcholinesterase. Phosalone acts as a substrate for detoxifying esterases. Phosalone induces symptoms of cholinergic hyperactivity, toxic reactions, mortality, oxidative stress, and changes in pro-inflammatory protein levels, and exerts toxic effects on colonic tissues and cells. Phosalone controls pistachio psyllids. Phosalone can be used in studies related to colitis.
    Phosalone
  • HY-W540232
    4-Methoxyphenyl isothiocyanate
    		Inhibitor 99.59%
    4-Methoxyphenyl isothiocyanate (4-Methylphenyl ITC) is an antioxidant, with a IC50 value of 1.25 mM for scavenging DPPH radicals. ORAC testing indicates its antioxidant capacity as 11.7 mM TE (indicating that the antioxidant efficacy of this compound is equivalent to 11.7 mmol of Trolox (HY-101445, a standard antioxidant) under the same conditions), and it extends the oxidation process by approximately 9180 seconds in the Briggs–Rauscher reaction. Additionally, 4-Methoxyphenyl isothiocyanate exhibits moderate cholinesterase inhibitory activity, with an inhibition rate of 30.4% against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 17.9% against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). 4-Methoxyphenyl isothiocyanate holds potential for research in the fields of antioxidation and neurological disorders.
    4-Methoxyphenyl isothiocyanate
  • HY-B0916
    Propoxur
    		Inhibitor 99.43%
    Propoxur is a reversible, competitive, orally active AChE inhibitor that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Propoxur inhibits AChE activity to induce neurotoxicity, while promoting MMP-2 expression and enhancing tumor cell migration and invasion by inducing intracellular ROS generation and activating the ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. On the one hand, Propoxur inhibits AChE, leading to acetylcholine accumulation and causing neurological dysfunction; on the other hand, it promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation through ROS-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and upregulates MMP-2 and other invasion-related proteins. Propoxur is also a carbamate insecticide used to combat turf, forestry, and household pests.
    Propoxur
  • HY-B1315R
    Carbaryl (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Carbaryl (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carbaryl (HY-B1315). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carbaryl is the inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase that inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine and causes neurotoxicity. Carbaryl can be used as an insecticide.
    Carbaryl (Standard)
  • HY-B1120
    Temephos
    		Inhibitor 99.35%
    Temephos (Temefos) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable organophosphate insecticide and AChE inhibitor. By irreversibly inhibiting AChE to induce cholinergic overactivation, Temephos effectively blocks larval development of Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) and Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito), and is commonly used in studies related to Dengue Virus, Zika Virus and other relevant pathogens. Temephos exhibits genotoxicity and neurodevelopmental toxicity, and may also cause liver injury, reproductive system abnormalities and cholinergic poisoning symptoms in mammals. Temephos tends to accumulate in adipose tissues and aquatic organisms, and is excreted via feces after metabolism through oxidation and hydrolysis. Note that CYP-mediated metabolic detoxification may reduce the actual larvicidal efficacy of Temephos against some mosquito species. Temephos can be used in research related to dengue fever, Zika virus disease, chikungunya and dracunculiasis.
    Temephos
  • HY-137447
    Pirepemat
    		Activator
    Pirepemat (IRL752) is a corticalpreferring catecholamine- and cognition-promoting agent. Pirepemat (IRL752) is used for the study of Parkinson's disease. IRL752 is a selective enhancer of cortical dopamine, acetylcholine and norepinephrine.
    Pirepemat
  • HY-N6608S
    Physostigmine-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.51%
    Physostigmine-d3 is the deuterium labeled Physostigmine. Physostigmine (Eserine) is a reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Physostigmine can crosses the blood-brain barrier and stimulates central cholinergic neurotransmission. Physostigmine can reverse memory deficits in transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease. Physostigmine is also an antidote for anticholinergic poisoning.
    Physostigmine-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-14566S
    Donepezil-d7 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    Donepezil-d7 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Donepezil. Donepezil (E2020 free base) is a specific and potent AChE inhibitor with IC50s of 8.12 nM and 11.6 nM for bovine AChE and human AChE, respectively.
    Donepezil-d<sub>7</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-N0286R
    Isoimperatorin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Isoimperatorin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isoimperatorin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isoimperatorin is a methanolic extract of the roots of Angelica dahurica shows significant inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with the IC50 of 74.6 μM.
    Isoimperatorin (Standard)
  • HY-19651B
    Zanapezil fumarate
    		Inhibitor 99.63%
    Zanapezil (TAK-147) fumarate is a potent, reversible and selective acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor. Zanapezil fumarate shows a potent and reversible inhibition of AChE activity in homogenates of the rat cerebral cortex (IC50=51.2 nM). Zanapezil fumarate shows a moderate inhibition of muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor binding with Ki values of 234 and 340 nM, respectively. Zanapezil fumarate can be used for the research of early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
    Zanapezil fumarate
  • HY-76299S
    Galanthamine-d6
    		Inhibitor 99.54%
    Galanthamine-d6 (Galantamine-d6) is the deuterium labeled Galanthamine. Galanthamine is a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 500 nM.
    Galanthamine-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-155369
    BChE-IN-21
    		Inhibitor
    BChE-IN-21 is a potent BChE inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.14 ± 0.02 μM. BChE-IN-21 has the potential for alzheimer's disease research.
    BChE-IN-21
  • HY-149008
    α-Amylase-IN-3
    		Inhibitor 99.49%
    α-Amylase-IN-3 (Compound 4) is the inhibitor for α-Amylase, AChE and AChE with IC50s of 18.04 μM, 21.04 μM and 22.2 μM, respectively. α-Amylase-IN-3 exhibits antioxidant activity. α-Amylase-IN-3 can be used in research of diabetes and oxidative stress associated disease.
    α-Amylase-IN-3
  • HY-N0749
    Jatrorrhizine
    		Inhibitor
    Jatrorrhizine is an alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis with neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities. Jatrorrhizine is a potent and orally active inhibitor of AChE (IC50=872 nM) over >115-fold selectivity for BuChE. Jatrorrhizine reduces uptake of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) via inhibition of uptake-2 transporters.
    Jatrorrhizine
  • HY-N12581
    Kuwanon U
    		Inhibitor
    Kuwanon U is a potent cholinesterase inhibitor with IC50s of 19.69, 10.11 µM and Kis of 6.48, 9.59 µM for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), respectively. Kuwanon U has the potential for the research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
    Kuwanon U
  • HY-105327
    P11149
    		Inhibitor 99.23%
    P11149 is a competitive, BBB-penetarated weakly, orally active and selective inhibitor of AChE. P11149 exhibits an IC50 of 1.3 μM for rat BChE/AChE. P11149, a Galanthamine derivative, demonstrates central cholinergic activity, behavioral efficacy and safety. P11149 is used in the study for Alzheimer's disease.
    P11149
  • HY-N7263
    Galanthamine N-Oxide
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Galanthamine N-Oxide is an alkaloid obtained from the bulbs of Zephyranthes concolor. Galanthamine N-Oxide inhibits electric eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an EC50 of 26.2 μM. Galanthamine N-Oxide is a prominent inhibitor of substrate accommodation in the active site of the Torpedo californica AChE (TcAChE), hAChE and hBChE enzymes.
    Galanthamine N-Oxide
  • HY-131413
    O-Desmethyl Galanthamine
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    O-Desmethyl Galanthamine (Sanguinine) is galanthamine-type alkaloid. O-Desmethyl Galanthamine is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, with an IC50 1.83 μM.
    O-Desmethyl Galanthamine
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Cholinesterase (ChE) Isoform Comparison

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