2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0568R
    Deferiprone (Standard)
    		Antagonist
    Deferiprone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Deferiprone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Deferiprone is a potent, orally active, brain-penetrant, cell-penetrant, skin-permeable, free iron chelating agent. Deferiprone inhibits the proliferation and migration, and stimulates apoptosis in tumor cell. Deferiprone has antianemic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidotal activity. Deferiprone can be used in cancer, cardiovascular disease, infection, inflammation, and neurological disease study.
    Deferiprone (Standard)
  • HY-N9330
    Broussoflavonol F
    		Inducer 98.11%
    Broussoflavonol F is a potent dual inhibitor of the HER2-RAS-MEK-ERK signaling pathway and mushroom tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 82.3 μM. Broussoflavonol F downregulates the expression of RAS, HER2, phosphorylated BRAF, phosphorylated MEK and phosphorylated Erk proteins. Broussoflavonol F induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and exhibits cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells. Broussoflavonol F inhibits endothelial proliferation, migration and tube formation, suppresses subintestinal vascular development, and reduces the mRNA levels of angiogenesis-associated genes.Broussoflavonol F can be used for colon cancer research.
    Broussoflavonol F
  • HY-173639
    AZD0516
    		Inducer 99.15%
    AZD0516 is a first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate-2 (STEAP2). The anti-STEAP2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) is conjugated via interchain cysteines to a maleimide-reactive, β-glucuronidase-cleavable linker (HY-173635) bearing the topoisomerase 1 inhibitor, Exatecan (HY-13631). AZD0516 can be used for the study of prostate cancer.
    AZD0516
  • HY-W013053
    Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA) is an orally active polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, a by-product of incomplete combustion of organic matter, a potent carcinogen, and an agonist of AhR. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene induces dose-dependent increases in DNA adduct formation and lacZ mutation frequency. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene upregulates St3gal5. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene can be used in cancer-related research.
    Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
  • HY-110031
    BAI1 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.82%
    BAI1 hydrochloride is a selective apoptosis factor BAX allosteric inhibitors. BAI1 hydrochloride binds BAX and allosterically inhibits its activation. BAI1 hydrochloride has the potential to be used in the study of BAX dependent cell death-mediated diseases.
    BAI1 hydrochloride
  • HY-W010155R
    Tryptophol (Standard)
    		Activator
    Tryptophol (Standard) (Indole-3-ethanol (Standard)) is an analytical standard of Tryptophol (HY-W010155). This product is intended for use in research and analytical applications.Tryptophol is an aromatic alcohol and secondary metabolite produced by microorganisms. Tryptophol induces Apoptosis and cleavage of caspase-8. Tryptophol inhibits Cunninghamella blakesleeana biofilm. Tryptophol has anti-phage infection, biofilm formation regulation, anti-inflammatory, hemolytic, sleep induction, temperature change, seizure susceptibility and immune regulation activities. Tryptophol is used in the research of African trypanosomiasis, sleep disorders, epilepsy.
    Tryptophol (Standard)
  • HY-14519R
    Methotrexate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Methotrexate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methotrexate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methotrexate (Amethopterin), an antimetabolite and antifolate agent, inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the conversion of folic acid into tetrahydrofolate, and inhibiting DNA synthesis. Methotrexate, also an immunosuppressant and antineoplastic agent, is used for the research of rheumatoid arthritis and a number of different cancers (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia).
    Methotrexate (Standard)
  • HY-W040329R
    2'-Deoxyadenosine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    2'-Deoxyadenosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2'-Deoxyadenosine (HY-W040329). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2′-Deoxyadenosine is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine has an anticancer effect on colon cancer.
    2'-Deoxyadenosine (Standard)
  • HY-10619E
    Niraparib tosylate hydrate
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Niraparib (MK-4827) tosylate hydrate is a highly potent and orally bioavailable PARP1 and PARP2 inhibitor with IC50s of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively. Niraparib tosylate hydrate leads to inhibition of repair of DNA damage, activates apoptosis and shows anti-tumor activity.
    Niraparib tosylate hydrate
  • HY-P1411
    Psalmotoxin 1
    		Inducer 99.02%
    Psalmotoxin 1 (PcTx1) is a protein toxin that can bind at subunit-subunit interfaces of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a). Psalmotoxin 1 is a potent and slective ASIC1a inhibitor (IC50: 0.9 nM) by increasing the apparent affinity for H+ of ASIC1a. Psalmotoxin 1 can induce cell apoptosis, also inhibits cell migration, proferliration and invasion of cancer cells. Psalmotoxin 1 can be used in the research of cancers, or neurological disease.
    Psalmotoxin 1
  • HY-156694
    Hydroxy-PP-Me
    		Modulator 98.62%
    Hydroxy-PP-Me is a selective CBR1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 759 nM. Hydroxy-PP-Me can inhibit serum starvation-induced apoptosis. Hydroxy-PP-Me can enhance the cytotoxic effects of Daunorubicin (HY-13062A) and As2O3 on tumor cells. Hydroxy-PP-Me can be used in the research of cancer such as leukemia.
    Hydroxy-PP-Me
  • HY-N0106
    (Rac)-Salvianic acid A sodium
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    (Rac)-Salvianic acid A sodium is the racemic form of Salvianic acid A (HY-N1913). Salvianic acid A is an orally active phenolic compound that induces Nrf2/HO-1 activation and inhibits the NF-κB pathway, and it also activates the mitochondrial antioxidant defense system (Mitochondrial Metabolism). Salvianic acid A exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties (Apoptosis), demonstrating potential for research into inflammation and cardiovascular diseases.
    (Rac)-Salvianic acid A sodium
  • HY-139535
    Luxeptinib
    		Inducer 98.95%
    Luxeptinib (CG-806) is an orally active, reversible, first-in-class, non-covalent and potent pan-FLT3/pan-BTK inhibitor. Luxeptinib induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis or autophagy in acute myeloid leukemia cells.
    Luxeptinib
  • HY-10202
    Tandutinib
    		Inducer 99.48%
    Tandutinib (MLN518) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the FLT3 with an IC50 of 0.22 μM, and also inhibits c-Kit and PDGFR with IC50s of 0.17 μM and 0.20 μM, respectively. Tandutinib can be used for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Tandutinib has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.
    Tandutinib
  • HY-13010
    Laquinimod
    		Inducer 99.46%
    Laquinimod (ABR-215062), an orally available carboxamide derivative, is a potent immunomodulator which prevents neurodegeneration and inflammation in the central nervous system. Laquinimod reduces astrocytic NF-κB activation to protect from Cuprizone-induced demyelination. Laquinimod has the potential for relapsing remitting (RR) and chronic progressive (CP) forms of multiple sclerosis (MS; RRMS or CPMS) as well as neurodegenerative diseases research.
    Laquinimod
  • HY-114162A
    VTP50469 fumarate
    		Inducer 99.79%
    VTP50469 fumarate is a potent, highly selective and orally active Menin-MLL interaction inhibitor with a Ki of 104 pM. VTP50469 fumarate has potently anti-leukemia activity.
    VTP50469 fumarate
  • HY-15227A
    EPZ004777 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.92%
    EPZ004777 hydrochloride is an effective and selective DOT1L inhibitor, with IC50 being 0.4 nM. EPZ004777 hydrochloride reduces the levels of H3K79me2 and H3K79me1, significantly down-regulating the expression of HOXA9 and MEIS1. EPZ004777 hydrochloride selectively inhibits the proliferation of MLL rearrangement cells and promotes the differentiation and subsequent apoptosis (apoptosis) of leukemia cells. EPZ004777 hydrochloride can be used for the study of leukemia.
    EPZ004777 hydrochloride
  • HY-N0434
    Astragaloside III
    		Inducer 99.70%
    Astragaloside III is a triterpenoid saponin. Astragaloside III can be extracted from Astragalus root. Astragaloside III increases NKG2D and induces TACE phosphorylation. Astragaloside III induces Apoptosis. Astragaloside III has antiviral activity against dengue serotypes 1 and 3. Astragaloside III has anticancer activity against breast and colon cancer.
    Astragaloside III
  • HY-125035
    LCH-7749944
    		Activator 99.68%
    LCH-7749944 (GNF-PF-2356) is a potent PAK4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 14.93 μM. LCH-7749944 effectively suppresses the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells through downregulation of PAK4/c-Src/EGFR/cyclin D1 pathway and induces apoptosis.
    LCH-7749944
  • HY-156293
    FPR1 antagonist 1
    		Inducer
    FPR1 antagonist 1 (compound 24a) is a formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) antagonist with an IC50 of 25 nM. FPR1 antagonist 1 inhibits cell growth through a combined effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis and reduces cell migration, while inducing an increase in angiogenesis.
    FPR1 antagonist 1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity