2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W001083R
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HY-W001083). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is an orally active flavonoid metabolite produced by intestinal flora, with blood pressure-lowering activity. 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can also inhibit ferroptosis by upregulating the expression of GPX4, thereby improving spermatogenic dysfunction in aged mice. In addition, abnormal levels of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid are closely related to certain diseases, such as autism spectrum disorders.
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Standard)
  • HY-181420
    (S,R,S)-BBO-11818
    		Inducer
    (S,R,S)-BBO-11818 is an orally active, highly selective (relative to NRAS and HRAS), non-covalent pan-KRAS inhibitor (IC50=28-120 nM). (S,R,S)-BBO-11818 specifically binds to the Switch-II/Helix 3 pocket, disrupts the KRAS:RAF1 interaction by inducing conformational changes, and blocks the MAPK signaling pathway. (S,R,S)-BBO-11818 exhibits significant anti-tumor activity, which not only inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, but also drives tumor regression in xenograft models. (S,R,S)-BBO-11818 produces synergistic effects when combined with Cetuximab (HY-P9905), anti-PD-1 antibody or PI3Kα inhibitor. (S,R,S)-BBO-11818 is used in the research of KRAS mutation-related malignancies such as pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer.
    (S,R,S)-BBO-11818
  • HY-155524
    Anticancer agent 134
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 134 (compound 6a) is a environment-sensitive fluorescent probe and an apoptosis inducer, making a distinction between the tumor and normal tissues. Anticancer agent 134 localizes to the nuclear bodies in tumor slices.
    Anticancer agent 134
  • HY-138852
    Thalidomide-NH-amido-C6-NH2
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-NH-amido-C6-NH2 is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-NH-amido-C6-NH2
  • HY-170603
    PRMT5-targeted fluorescent ligand-1
    		Inducer
    PRMT5-targeted fluorescent ligand-1 (Compound 7) is a PRMT5-targeted fluorescent ligand, that inhibits PRMT5 with an IC50 of 29.39 nM. PRMT5-targeted fluorescent ligand-1 exhibits cell imaging activity, that exhibits good fluorescence signal in MCF-7 with an IC50 of 29 nM. PRMT5-targeted fluorescent ligand-1 induces apoptosis. PRMT5-targeted fluorescent ligand-1 exhibits a maximal excitation wavelength of 438 nm and a maximal emission wavelength of 550 nm.
    PRMT5-targeted fluorescent ligand-1
  • HY-134283
    8-Benzylthio-cAMP
    8-Benzylthio-cAMP is a derivative of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). 8-Bn-cAMP is a site-selective activator of cAMP-dependent protein kinases. Compared with cyclic adenosine monophosphate, it is more stable to phosphodiesterase (PDE) hydrolysis and has higher membrane permeability. 8-Bn-cAMP can be used to study the role of cAMP in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
    8-Benzylthio-cAMP
  • HY-181493
    VEGFR-2-IN-81
    		Inducer
    VEGFR-2-IN-81 is a thiazole-based isoquinolin-1(2H)-one derivative and an VEGFR-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 1.94 μM. VEGFR-2-IN-81 exhibits significant selective cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer cells (IC50 = 7.75 μM). VEGFR-2-IN-81 exerts anti-colorectal cancer effects by inducing apoptosis, elevating intracellular ROS levels and reducing mitochondrial transmembrane potential. VEGFR-2-IN-81 can be used for the research of colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer.
    VEGFR-2-IN-81
  • HY-137831
    TLBC
    		Inducer
    TLBC, a boronic-chalcone derivative, shows a dose-dependent inhibition with IC50 values of 5.5-25.5 μM in various glioma cell lines. TLBC induces apoptosis independent of changes to the tumor suppressor p53.
    TLBC
  • HY-149565
    Thalidomide-5-O-C8-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-5-O-C8-NH2 hydrochloride is the Thalidomide (HY-10984)-based cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein.Thalidomide-5-O-C8-NH2 hydrochloride can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-5-O-C8-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-150004
    c-Met/HDAC-IN-3
    		Inducer
    c-Met/HDAC-IN-3 (Compound 15f) is a dual c-Met and HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 12.50 nM and 26.97 nM against c-Met and HDAC1, respectively. c-Met/HDAC-IN-3 induces apoptosis and cause cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase.
    c-Met/HDAC-IN-3
  • HY-105025B
    Thymocartin acetate
    		Inhibitor
    Thymocartin (TP 4) acetate is the 32-35 fragment of thymic factor (thymopoietin). Thymocartin acetate inhibits apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes in HIV infected individuals. Thymocartin acetate is potential for immunodeficiency diseases research.
    Thymocartin acetate
  • HY-119621
    Aceglatone
    		Inducer
    Aceglatone, an antineoplastic agent, is a β-glucuronidase inhibitor. Aceglatone is a compound that inhibits colon carcinogenesis and prevents the induction of colon cancer by inhibiting the hydrolysis of glucuronides. Aceglatone reduces cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and inhibits DNA synthesis in human colon cancer cells.
    Aceglatone
  • HY-182060
    PDE4B/D-IN-5
    		Inhibitor
    PDE4B/D-IN-5 (Compound P32) is a peripherally restricted, oral active inhibitor of PDE4B and PDE4D with extremely low blood-brain barrier penetration, with IC50 values of 3.4 nM and 2.2 nM, respectively. PDE4B-IN-8 inhibits the production of TNF-α. PDE4B/D-IN-5 significantly reduces the Bax/Bcl2 ratio, and alleviates oxidative stress by decreasing MPO activity and NO levels. PDE4B/D-IN-5 exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic activities. PDE4B/D-IN-5 can be used for the research of acute lung injury.
    PDE4B/D-IN-5
  • HY-179016
    Ferroptosis/apoptosis inducer-3
    		Inducer
    Ferroptosis/apoptosis inducer-3 (Compound 34) is a Ferroptosis and Apoptosis inducer. Ferroptosis/apoptosis inducer-3 induces both Ferroptosis and Apoptosis by causing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, disrupting mitochondrial membrane potentials, promoting lipid peroxidation, and increasing the levels of Ca2+ and Fe2+ through the activation of calcium/calmodulin signaling. Ferraplasm/apoptosis inducer-3 shows anticancer effects against cervical cancer, adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, and colorectal carcinoma.
    Ferroptosis/apoptosis inducer-3
  • HY-10261AR
    Afatinib dimaleate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Afatinib (dimaleate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Afatinib (dimaleate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Afatinib (BIBW 2992) dimaleate is an orally active, potent and irreversible dual specificity inhibitor of ErbB family (EGFR and HER2), with IC50 values of 0.5 nM, 0.4 nM, 10 nM and 14 nM for EGFRwt, EGFRL858R, EGFRL858R/T790M and HER2, respectively. Afatinib dimaleate can be used for the research of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and gastric cancer.
    Afatinib dimaleate (Standard)
  • HY-13902A
    Berzosertib hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.77%
    Berzosertib (VE-822) hydrochloride is an orally active, CNS-penetrant, and selective ATR kinase inhibitor. Berzosertib hydrochloride blocks ATR kinase activity, abrogates G2/M cell cycle checkpoint, impairs DNA damage repair. Berzosertib hydrochloride induces apoptosis, inhibnits conlony migration, inhibits cell proliferation, and activates cGAS-STING axes in cancer cells. Berzosertib hydrochloride can be used for the research of cancers, such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and colorectal cancer.
    Berzosertib hydrochloride
  • HY-139545
    Thalidomide-4-C3-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-4-C3-NH2 hydrochloride is the Thalidomide-based cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein. Thalidomide-4-C3-NH2 hydrochloride can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-4-C3-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-183783
    PROTAC RET Degrader 2
    		Inducer
    PROTAC RET Degrader 2 is a RET degrader with a target IC50 of 0.36 nM. PROTAC RET Degrader 2 is mainly composed of RET-IN-34 (HY-183729) and Thalidomide (HY-14658). PROTAC RET Degrader 2 mediates RET degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. PROTAC RET Degrader 2 induces apoptosis, inhibits colony-forming ability, and exhibits antiproliferative activity in cancer cells. PROTAC RET Degrader 2 suppresses tumor growth in xenograft models. PROTAC RET Degrader 2 can be used in research related to medullary thyroid carcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and RET fusion-positive lung adenocarcinoma.
    PROTAC RET Degrader 2
  • HY-144131
    RET-IN-11
    		Inducer
    RET-IN-11 is a potent and selective RET inhibitor with IC50s of 6.20 nM, 18.68 nM for RET and RETV804M, respectively. RET-IN-11 shows anti-proliferation and migration activity in CCDC6-RET-driven LC-2/ad cells. RET-IN-11 induces cell apoptosis.
    RET-IN-11
  • HY-N3007R
    Naringenin chalcone (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Naringenin chalcone (Standard) is an analytical standard of Naringenin chalcone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Naringenin chalcone is an orally active intermediate in the biosynthesis of flavonols. Naringenin chalcone induces apoptosis. Naringenin chalcone inhibits the production of MCP-1 and NO. Naringenin chalcone exhibits anticancer activity against glioblastoma. Naringenin chalcone has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties.
    Naringenin chalcone (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity