2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0832R
    L-Histidine (Standard)
    L-Histidine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Histidine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Histidine is an essential amino acid for infants. L-Histidine is an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport.
    L-Histidine (Standard)
  • HY-17461S1
    Cortisone-d8
    		98.17%
    Cortisone-d8 is the deuterium labeled Cortisone. Cortisone (17-Hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone), an oxidized metabolite of Cortisol (a Glucocorticoid). Cortisone acts as an immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory agent. Cortisone can partially intervene in binding of Glucocorticoid to Glucocorticoid-receptor at high concentrations.
    Cortisone-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-Y1055S3
    Guanine-15N5
    		98%
    Guanine-15N5 is 15N labeled Guanine (HY-Y1055). Guanine is one of the fundamental components of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Guanine is a purine derivative, consisting of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with conjugated double bonds. Guanine has the potential to serve as a large-capacity N pool. Guanine has cytotoxic, antinociceptive and neuroprotective effects.
    Guanine-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-15398S3
    Vitamin D3-d3
    		98.45%
    Vitamin D3-d3 is the deuterium labeled Vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol; Colecalciferol) is a naturally occuring form of vitamin D. Vitamin D3 induces cell differentiation and prevents proliferation of cancer cells.
    Vitamin D3-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0215S11
    L-Phenylalanine-13C9,15N
    		99.42%
    L-Phenylalanine-13C9,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals.
    L-Phenylalanine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>9</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-N0487
    Glucosamine sulfate
    		98.0%
    Glucosamine sulfate (D-Glucosamine sulfate) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine sulfate also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.
    Glucosamine sulfate
  • HY-B0710R
    Betaine (Standard)
    Betaine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Betaine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Betaine (Trimethylglycine) is a natural compound found in many foods and also an active methyl-donor which can maintain normal DNA methylation patterns[1,2]. Betaine is found ubiquitously in plants, animals, microorganisms, and rich dietary sources including seafood, spinach, and wheat bran. Betaine also acts as an osmolyte, to maintain the avian’s cellular water and ion balance to improve the avian’s capacity against heat stress via preventing dehydration and osmotic inactivation. It helps in maintaining the protective osmolytic activity, especially in heat-stressed birds. Betaine may promote various intestinal microbes against osmotic variations and thus improve microbial fermentation activity.
    Betaine (Standard)
  • HY-113511A
    Glycogen, Oysters
    Glycogen, Oysters is a polysaccharide extracted from oysters and serves as the storage form of glucose in oysters. Glycogen, Oysters belongs to the intermediate products of glycolysis and high-energy phosphates, and is also an endogenous metabolite.
    Glycogen, Oysters
  • HY-Y1298
    Methyl acetylacetate
    		99.86%
    Methyl acetylacetate is a chemical reagent used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals for the synthesis of α-substituted acetoacetate and cyclic compounds such as pyrazole, pyrimidine, and coumarin derivatives. Methyl acetoacetate can be used in the study of inflammatory diseases.
    Methyl acetylacetate
  • HY-101018
    Propionyl-DL-carnitine chloride
    		98.10%
    Propionyl-DL-carnitine chloride is a carnitine derivative. Propionyl-DL-carnitine chloride can be used for the research of inflammation.
    Propionyl-DL-carnitine chloride
  • HY-W012530R
    Phenylpyruvic acid (Standard)
    Phenylpyruvic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phenylpyruvic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phenylpyruvic acid is a precursor of the antifungal compound phenyllactic acid. Phenylpyruvic acid can improve the antifungal activity of eight lactic acid bacterial strains through the addition into a dedined growth medium. Phenylpyruvic acid demonstrates improved inhibitory activity against fungal bread contaminants Aspergillus niger and Penicillium roqueforti. Phenylpyruvic acid affects enzyme activity of the pentose phosphate pathway involved in the oxidative phase in rat brain homogenates. Phenylpyruvic acid can reduce glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity.
    Phenylpyruvic acid (Standard)
  • HY-W009516
    Dibenzyl disulfide
    		99.94%
    Dibenzyl disulfide is an endogenous metabolite.
    Dibenzyl disulfide
  • HY-77490
    (R)-(-)-1,3-Butanediol
    		99.61%
    (R)-(-)-1,3-Butanediol is the R-enantiomer of 1,3-Butanediol (HY-77490A). (R)-(-)-1,3-Butanediol exhibits anti-diabetic property in rats. (R)-(-)-1,3-Butanediol can be used as flavoring and fragrance agents. (R)-(-)-1,3-Butanediol is used to regulate the metabolism of carbohydrate and lipid..
    (R)-(-)-1,3-Butanediol
  • HY-N0650S2
    L-Serine-1-13C
    		99.9%
    L-Serine-1-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Serine. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation.
    L-Serine-1-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-I0960R
    Uracil (Standard)
    Uracil (Standard) is the analytical standard of Uracil. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Uracil is a common and naturally occurring pyrimidine derivative and one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of RNA.
    Uracil (Standard)
  • HY-113013
    Hydroxypyruvic acid
    		99.77%
    Hydroxypyruvic acid (β-Hydroxypyruvic acid) is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine. Hydroxypyruvic acid is a substrate for serine-pyruvate aminotransferase and glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase. Hydroxypyruvic acid is involved in the metabolic disorder which is the dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency pathway.
    Hydroxypyruvic acid
  • HY-114883A
    Homocarnosine TFA
    		99.83%
    Homocarnosine TFA is a dipeptide of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine unique to brain. Homocarnosine TFA is an inhibitory neuromodulator synthesized in the neuron from GABA and exhibiting anticonvulsant effects. Homocarnosine TFA has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, prevention of DNA damage, and inhibition of advanced glycation end-product formation.
    Homocarnosine TFA
  • HY-B0332R
    Menadione (Standard)
    Menadione (Standard) is the analytical standard of Menadione. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Menadione is a naphthoquinone that is converted into active vitamin K2 in the body. Menadione is a potential anticancer agent and radiosensitizer.
    Menadione (Standard)
  • HY-Y0366S1
    Lauric acid-d23
    		98.36%
    Lauric acid-d233 is the deuterium labeled Lauric acid. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.
    Lauric acid-d<sub>23</sub>
  • HY-113455
    9(S)-HODE
    		98.0%
    9(S)-HODE (Alpha-dimorphecolic acid) is the major active derivative of Linoleic acid (HY-N0729). 9(S)-HODE regulates the expression of miR-361-3p. 9(S)-HODE reduces cancer cell viability and induces cancer cell apoptosis. 9(S)-HODE can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia.
    9(S)-HODE
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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