2. Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel Neuronal Signaling Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. GABA Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
  4. Homocarnosine TFA

Homocarnosine TFA  (Synonyms: L-Homocarnosine TFA; γ-Aminobutyryl-L-histidine TFA)

Cat. No.: HY-114883A Purity: 99.67%
COA Handling Instructions

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Homocarnosine TFA is a dipeptide of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine unique to brain. Homocarnosine TFA is an inhibitory neuromodulator synthesized in the neuron from GABA and exhibiting anticonvulsant effects. Homocarnosine TFA has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, prevention of DNA damage, and inhibition of advanced glycation end-product formation.

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Homocarnosine TFA Chemical Structure

Homocarnosine TFA Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 2991254-59-0

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Homocarnosine TFA:

Homocarnosine TFA Related Antibodies

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Description

Homocarnosine TFA is a dipeptide of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine unique to brain. Homocarnosine TFA is an inhibitory neuromodulator synthesized in the neuron from GABA and exhibiting anticonvulsant effects[1]. Homocarnosine TFA has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, prevention of DNA damage, and inhibition of advanced glycation end-product formation[2].

IC50 & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

In Vitro

Homocarnosine, a dipeptide of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine, is an inhibitory neuromodulator synthesized in subclasses of GABAergic neurons[1].
? Homocarnosine is a potent alternative imidazole peptide for skeletal muscle based on its structural similarity to Carnosine. Homocarnosine is composed of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine and has a similar structure to Carnosine, with the only difference being an extra carbon atom in GABA compared to that in β-alanine of carnosine. Homocarnosine possesses greater tolerance to degradation by serum carnosinase relative to Carnosine. Homocarnosine is known to be exclusively present in brain and cerebrospinal fluid and acts as a neuroprotective agent in a broad range of disease conditions. Homocarnosine exerts antioxidant activity and prevent DNA oxidative damage to a similar extent as Carnosine[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Homocarnosine TFA Related Antibodies
Molecular Weight

354.28

Formula

C12H17F3N4O5
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(O)C(F)(F)F.O=C([C@@H](NC(CCCN)=O)CC1=CNC=N1)O
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

-20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : 125 mg/mL (352.83 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (282.26 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.8226 mL 14.1131 mL 28.2263 mL
5 mM 0.5645 mL 2.8226 mL 5.6453 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.06 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.06 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 25 mg/mL (70.57 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.67%

COA (250 KB) RP-HPLC (132 KB) MS (225 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO / H2O 1 mM 2.8226 mL 14.1131 mL 28.2263 mL 70.5657 mL
5 mM 0.5645 mL 2.8226 mL 5.6453 mL 14.1131 mL
10 mM 0.2823 mL 1.4113 mL 2.8226 mL 7.0566 mL
15 mM 0.1882 mL 0.9409 mL 1.8818 mL 4.7044 mL
20 mM 0.1411 mL 0.7057 mL 1.4113 mL 3.5283 mL
25 mM 0.1129 mL 0.5645 mL 1.1291 mL 2.8226 mL
30 mM 0.0941 mL 0.4704 mL 0.9409 mL 2.3522 mL
40 mM 0.0706 mL 0.3528 mL 0.7057 mL 1.7641 mL
50 mM 0.0565 mL 0.2823 mL 0.5645 mL 1.4113 mL
60 mM 0.0470 mL 0.2352 mL 0.4704 mL 1.1761 mL
80 mM 0.0353 mL 0.1764 mL 0.3528 mL 0.8821 mL
100 mM 0.0282 mL 0.1411 mL 0.2823 mL 0.7057 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Homocarnosine TFA Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Homocarnosine2991254-59-0L-Homocarnosineγ-Aminobutyryl-L-histidineGABA ReceptorEndogenous MetaboliteGamma-aminobutyric acid Receptorγ-Aminobutyric acid Receptorγ-aminobutyric acidGABAhistidinebrainneuromodulatoranticonvulsantantioxidantinflammatoryInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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