Homocarnosine TFA
Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Homocarnosine TFA is a dipeptide of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine unique to brain. Homocarnosine TFA is an inhibitory neuromodulator synthesized in the neuron from GABA and exhibiting anticonvulsant effects. Homocarnosine TFA has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, prevention of DNA damage, and inhibition of advanced glycation end-product formation.
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- CAS No.: 2991254-59-0
- Formule: C12H17F3N4O5
- Masse moléculaire:354.28
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Stockage:
-20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
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Activité biologique
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Chemical Information
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Solvant et solubilité
- Protocole
- Pureté et documentation
- Références
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Homocarnosine TFA
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Activité biologique
Description
IC50 & Target
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
In Vitro
Homocarnosine, a dipeptide of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine, is an inhibitory neuromodulator synthesized in subclasses of GABAergic neurons[1].
Homocarnosine is a potent alternative imidazole peptide for skeletal muscle based on its structural similarity to Carnosine. Homocarnosine is composed of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine and has a similar structure to Carnosine, with the only difference being an extra carbon atom in GABA compared to that in β-alanine of carnosine. Homocarnosine possesses greater tolerance to degradation by serum carnosinase relative to Carnosine. Homocarnosine is known to be exclusively present in brain and cerebrospinal fluid and acts as a neuroprotective agent in a broad range of disease conditions. Homocarnosine exerts antioxidant activity and prevent DNA oxidative damage to a similar extent as Carnosine[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 2991254-59-0
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Appearance Solid
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Masse moléculaire 354.28
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Formule C12H17F3N4O5
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Color White to off-white
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Synonyms
L-Homocarnosine TFA
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Sequence
His-{N-(4-aminobutyryl)}
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Sequence Shortening
H-{N-(4-aminobutyryl)}
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Livraison
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Stockage
-20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
Publications (1)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227
Solvant et solubilité
In Vitro:
H2O : 125 mg/mL (352.83 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (141.13 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (3.53 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (3.53 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 25 mg/mL (70.57 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Protocole
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
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Genotoxicity/Mutagenicity Study
The bacterial reverse mutation assay detects point mutations that restore amino-acid prototrophy in auxotrophic Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli tester strains; after exposure to a test article, mutagenic activity is read out as an increased number of revertant colonies on minimal agar compared with the vehicle control. The assay uses tester strains with different mutation targets so that base-substitution and frameshift mutagens can be detected, and testing is performed with and without exogenous mammalian metabolic activation because some chemicals require biotransformation to become mutagenic.
Pureté et documentation
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Fiche technique (277 KB)
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SDS (254 KB)
- English - EN (254 KB)
- Français - FR (254 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (254 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (254 KB)
- Español - ES (254 KB)
- Swedish - SV (254 KB)
- Italian - IT (254 KB)
- Korean - KR (254 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (254 KB)
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Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)
Références
[1]. Petroff OA, et al. Vigabatrin increases human brain homocarnosine and improves seizure control. Ann Neurol. 1998;44(6):948-952. [Content Brief]
[2]. Kumrungsee T, et al. Dietary GABA induces endogenous synthesis of a novel imidazole peptide homocarnosine in mouse skeletal muscles. Amino Acids. 2020;52(5):743-753. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO / H2O | 1 mM | 2.8226 mL | 14.1131 mL | 28.2263 mL | 70.5657 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5645 mL | 2.8226 mL | 5.6453 mL | 14.1131 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2823 mL | 1.4113 mL | 2.8226 mL | 7.0566 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1882 mL | 0.9409 mL | 1.8818 mL | 4.7044 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1411 mL | 0.7057 mL | 1.4113 mL | 3.5283 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1129 mL | 0.5645 mL | 1.1291 mL | 2.8226 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0941 mL | 0.4704 mL | 0.9409 mL | 2.3522 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0706 mL | 0.3528 mL | 0.7057 mL | 1.7641 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0565 mL | 0.2823 mL | 0.5645 mL | 1.4113 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0470 mL | 0.2352 mL | 0.4704 mL | 1.1761 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0353 mL | 0.1764 mL | 0.3528 mL | 0.8821 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0282 mL | 0.1411 mL | 0.2823 mL | 0.7057 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Homocarnosine TFA Related Classifications
HY-114883A Related Classifications
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