Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health^[1]^[2]^[3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets^[1]^[2]^[3].

References:

[1]. Seyedsayamdost MR. Toward a global picture of bacterial secondary metabolism. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Mar;46(3-4):301-311.

[2]. Ruiz B, et al. Production of microbial secondary metabolites: regulation by the carbon source. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2010 May;36(2):146-67.

[3]. Wishart DS. Metabolomics for Investigating Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes. Physiol Rev. 2019 Oct 1;99(4):1819-1875.

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8484)
Antibodies (477)
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

By Effects:	Inhibitors (66) Agonists (3) Controls (2) Antagonist (1) Activators (7) Modulators (9) Chemicals (14) Inducers (6)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Effect	Purity	Chemical Structure

HY-B1538A

Bamethan hemisulfate		99.50%
Bamethan (DL-Bamethane) hemisulfate is a vasodilator that exhibits significant activity in enhancing blood flow and reducing vascular resistance. Bamethan hemisulfate plays a crucial role in the treatment of cardiovascular conditions by improving oxygen delivery to tissues. Bamethan hemisulfate also aids in the management of hypertension through its relaxing effects on blood vessels.

HY-113359AS2

Uridine 5'-diphosphate-¹³C₉,¹⁵N₂ dilithium		99.15%
Uridine 5'-diphosphate-¹³C₉,¹⁵N₂ dilithium is ¹³C and ¹⁵N-labeled Uridine 5'-diphosphate (HY-113359). Uridine 5'-diphosphate is a P2Y₆ receptor agonist with an EC₅₀ of 0.013 μM for human P2Y₆ receptor.

HY-N0229S2

L-Alanine-¹⁵N		99.88%
L-Alanine-¹⁵N is the ¹⁵N-labeled L-Alanine. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.

HY-B0216R

Ethinylestradiol (Standard)
Ethynyl Estradiol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ethynyl Estradiol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications.

HY-113434

5(S)-HETE		99.0%
5(S)-HETE is an endogenous metabolite present in Blood that can be used for the research of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rhinitis and Asthma.

HY-B1971R

Deltamethrin (Standard)
Deltamethrin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Deltamethrin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Deltamethrin (Decamethrin) is an orally active synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. Deltamethrin induces oxidative stress and results in inflammation and apoptosis via inhibiting Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Deltamethrin has an anticancer effect by inducing apoptosis. Deltamethrin can be used extensively in pest control.

HY-N0098R

Vanillin (Standard)
Vanillin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Vanillin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Vanillin (p-Vanillin) is a single molecule extracted from vanilla beans and also a popular odor used widely in perfume, food and medicine.

HY-128378

16-Dehydroprogesterone		99.53%
16-Dehydroprogesterone is a steroidal progestin.

HY-128739

Isomaltulose hydrate		98.91%
Isomaltulose hydrate is an endogenous metabolite.

HY-14614D

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine iodide
S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (S-Adenosyl methionine) iodide is an orally active methyl group donor. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine iodide is a dietary supplement with potent antidepressant effects. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine iodide also has anti‑proliferative, pro‑apoptotic and anti‑metastatic roles in cancers. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine iodide has the potential for, cancer, liver disease and osteoarthritis research.

HY-N1428CA

Ferric citrate,suitable for cell culture
Ferric citrate, suitable for cell culture is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Ferric citrate, suitable for cell culture induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Ferric citrate, suitable for cell culture causes oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Ferric citrate, suitable for cell culture is also an acidulant, emulsifier, sequestrant and buffering agent widely used across many industries.

HY-108398A

Mead acid		99.94%
Mead acid (5,8,11-Eicosatrienoic acid), an unsaturated (Omega-9) fatty acid, is an indicator of essential fatty acid deficiency.

HY-W011051S

2-Arachidonoylglycerol-d₈		98.5%
2-Arachidonoylglycerol-d₈ is the deuterium labeled 2-Arachidonoylglycerol. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol is a second endogenous cannabinoid ligand in the central nervous system.

HY-Y0337S1

L-Cysteine-¹⁵N		98.7%
L-Cysteine-¹⁵N is the ¹⁵N-labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans.

HY-Y0367S

Maleic acid-d₂		98.35%
Maleic Acid-d₂ is the deuterium labeled Maleic Acid. Maleic Acid is a Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD) inhibitor of E. coli and L. monocytogenes.

HY-B1827A

D-Galacturonic acid		99.92%
D-Galacturonic acid (D-galUA), as the main component of pectin, is abundantly present in plants. The carboxyl group of D-Galacturonic acid can bind to metal cations. D-Galacturonic acid plays an important role in the food industry, pharmaceutical field, and heavy metal removal, among other aspects.

HY-P2765

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, rabbit muscle
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, rabbit muscle (GPDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible redox conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a glycolytic enzyme and is responsible for the re-oxidation of NADH to NAD⁺ and energy supply.

HY-15130

DL-O-Phosphoserine		98.0%
DL-O-Phosphoserine is a normal metabolite in human biofluids and is a mixture of phosphoserine with two stereochemical structures (D-type and L-type O-phospho-serine). O-phospho-L-serine is a competitive inhibitor of serine racemase and phagocytosis. O-phospho-L-serine inhibits the enzymatic reaction by competing with the active site of serine racemase, thereby affecting the production of D-serine. O-phospho-L-serine also mimics the phosphatidylserine head group, binds to the phosphatidylserine receptor, interferes with phagocytic signal transduction, and partially blocks the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by cells. O-phospho-L-serin can be used in the research of retinal regeneration, bone repair, and insect growth and development.

HY-P3026

Bowman-birk inhibitor
The Bowman-Birk inhibitor, a highly cross-linked protein featuring seven disulfide bridges, possesses spatially distinct domains specifically designed for the inhibition of both trypsin and chymotrypsin, showcasing its significant role as a plant protease inhibitor with anticarcinogenic properties.

HY-W002112S

(±)-Nornicotine-d₄		98.0%
(±)-Nornicotine-d₄ is the deuterium labeled (±)-Nornicotine (HY-W002112). (±)-Nornicotine is a major metabolite of Nicotine. (±)-Nornicotine is a partial nAChRs agonist, specifically activating receptor subtypes containing α7 and α6 subunits. (±)-Nornicotine disrupts β-catenin and ZO-1, and induces F-actin depolymerization. (±)-Nornicotine supports self-administration behavior. (±)-Nornicotine can be used in the research of atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia.

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Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8484)

Antibodies (477)

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8484):