2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

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Mitochondria use multiple carbon fuels to produce ATP and metabolites, including pyruvate, which is generated from glycolysis; amino acids such as glutamine; and fatty acids. These carbon fuels feed into the TCA cycle in the mitochondrial matrix to generate the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which deliver their electrons to the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are complex organelles that play an important role in many facets of cellular function, from metabolism to immune regulation and cell death. Mitochondria are actively involved in a wide variety of cellular processes and molecular interactions, such as calcium buffering, lipid flux, and intracellular signaling. It is increasingly recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases such as obesity/diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial metabolism is a key determinant of tumor progression by impacting on functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mitochondrial metabolism and derived oncometabolites shape the epigenetic landscape to alter aggressiveness features of cancer cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism are relevant for the survival of tumors in response to therapy.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-153995A
    D-Ribonic acid
    D-Ribonic acid is a metabolite of D-Ribose (HY-113375). Ribonic acid is associated with genetic variations in ENOSF1 and NUBPL. Ribonic acid may participate in the mitochondrial energy production process.
    D-Ribonic acid
  • HY-121248
    Hydramethylnon
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Hydramethylnon (AC217300) is an amidinohydrazone insecticide. Hydramethylnon's mechanism of action is through inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by inhibiting the electron transport chain at the cytochrome b-c1 complex. Hydramethylnon can be used to eliminate red imported fire ants, cockroaches, and other insects.
    Hydramethylnon
  • HY-34740R
    Ethylmalonic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ethylmalonic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ethylmalonic acid (HY-34740). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ethylmalonic acid is a short-chain organic dicarboxylic acid. Ethylmalonic acid synergistically induces mitochondrial permeability transition (MP) with Ca2+, inhibits Mi-CK, and disrupts mitochondrial energy metabolism. Ethylmalonic acid can be used in the research of SCADD, EE and other genetic metabolic diseases characterized by EMA accumulation.
    Ethylmalonic acid (Standard)
  • HY-130588
    Glutathione arsenoxide
    		Inhibitor
    Glutathione arsenoxide (GSAO) is a potential anticancer agent and a tumour metabolism inhibitor. Glutathione arsenoxide targets Mitochondrial endomycin nucleotide transferase (ANT). Glutathione arsenoxide causes cell proliferation arrest and cell death. Glutathione arsenoxide can be used to identify cell-surface proteins, such as Protein disulphide isomerase.
    Glutathione arsenoxide
  • HY-176266
    KIT-13
    		Activator
    KIT-13 is an orally active plasmalogen derivative to inhibit neuroinflammation and mitochondrial DNA leakage associated with Mecp2 deficiency. KIT-13 significantly reduce neurological symptoms and improves the life span of the Rett Syndrome (RTT) model mice. KIT-13 can be used for the study of RTT and other neuroinflammation-related diseases.
    KIT-13
  • HY-B2082R
    Fursultiamine (Standard)
    Fursultiamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fursultiamine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fursultiamine is a vitamin B1 derivative, has anti-nociceptive and antineoplastic activity. Fursultiamine can be used for vitamin B1 deficiency, osteoarthritis (OA) and cancer research.
    Fursultiamine (Standard)
  • HY-18733S
    Lipoic acid-d4
    Lipoic acid-d4 ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid-d4) is deuterium labeled Lipoic acid. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid.
    Lipoic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-145306
    DX3-234
    		Inhibitor 98.96%
    DX3-234 is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. DX3-234 shows significant tumor suppression in the Pan02 syngeneic model of pancreatic cancer.
    DX3-234
  • HY-178749
    MS6076
    		Inhibitor
    MS6076 is a mitochondrial protease ClpP agonist. MS6076 specifically activates the ClpP protease in the mitochondrial matrix, significantly disrupting mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain (ETC) function by accelerating the degradation of unfolded proteins. MS6076 exhibits potent cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cell lines. MS6076 induces cell apoptosis, increasing cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP. MS6076 can be used for the research of breast cancer.
    MS6076
  • HY-184265
    Mito-Esculetin
    Mito-Esculetin (Mito-Esc) is an orally active mitochondria-targeted derivative of Esculetin (HY-N0284). Mito-Esculetin inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 Tyr-705, partially reverses LPS-mediated depletion of SIRT3, and enhances the AMPK-SIRT1 signaling axis. Mito-Esculetin inhibits PAI-1 activity, regulates miRNA, and induces phosphorylation of IRS and AKT. Mito-Esculetin suppresses oxidant-induced endothelial dysfunction, Ang-II (HY-13948)- and high glucose-induced atherosclerotic plaque formation, Palmitate (HY-N0830)-induced insulin resistance, as well as high glucose-mediated endothelial cell senescence and inflammatory responses. Mito-Esculetin reduces body weight and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. Mito-Esculetin can be used in research related to acute coronary syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis.
    Mito-Esculetin
  • HY-B1272AS1
    Desipramine-d3
    Desipramine-d3 is the deuterium labeled Desipramine (HY-B1272A). Desipramine is a first-generation tricyclic antidepressant. Desipramine selectively binds to norepinephrine transporter and blocks neuronal norepinephrine reuptake. Desipramine activates MAPK signaling via ERK1/2, JNK, and p38, represses NF-κB and AP-1 activity, and induces apoptosis via ROS elevation, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and intracellular calcium increase. Desipramine also shows anyi-inflammatory activity, inhibiting TNF-α production. Desipramine can be used for the research of hepatocellular cancer, inflammation, and neurological diseases.
    Desipramine-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-115806
    TC9-305
    TC9-305 is a potent and selective apoptosis inhibitor. TC9-305 has strong inhibitory activity against both Bim and tBid-induced apoptosis with EC50 values of 0.42 and 0.23 μM. TC9-305 can maintain the mitochondrial membrane potential, reduce ROS production, prevent the release of cytochrome c and block the upstream pathways of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. TC9-305 can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as storke.
    TC9-305
  • HY-P10873
    ST-CY14
    		Inhibitor
    ST-CY14 is an inhibitor for Nur77-PPARγ interaction with an EC50 of 3.15 μM, that binds to Nur77 (Kd=32 nM), blocks Nur77 from being ubiquitinated and degraded by PPARγ, reduces fatty acid uptake and mitochondrial respiration, and inhibits the transcription of CD36 and FABP4. ST-CY14 inhibits the proliferation and migration of cancer cell MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. ST-CY14 inhibits tumor growth and bone metastasis in mouse models.
    ST-CY14
  • HY-N8617
    Trijuganone C
    		Inhibitor
    Trijuganone C is a tanshinone-type diterpenoid compound. Trijuganone C can be isolated from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Trijuganone C induces chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, activation of Caspase-3, -8 and -9, as well as cleavage of PARP. Trijuganone C activates Bid and Bax, leading to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and inducing the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol. Trijuganone C exerts antiproliferative effects through Apoptosis induction mediated by Mitochondrial dysfunction and Caspase activation. Trijuganone C exhibits significant antiproliferative activity against leukemia cells and colon cancer cells.
    Trijuganone C
  • HY-157933
    SF-C5-TPP
    SF-C5-TPP is an potent mitochondria-targeted protonophoric uncoupler. SF-C5-TPP has significant proton transfer activity on model planar bilayer lipid membranes. SF-C5-TPP inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis with a MIC of 2 μM>[1].
    SF-C5-TPP
  • HY-W011978S
    N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan-d3
    N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan-d3 is the deuterium labeled N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan (HY-W011978). N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan is an antagonist of the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R), disrupting the binding of substance P (SP) to NK-1R. This action provides neuroprotective effects, improving memory deficits and motor impairments. N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan is also an inhibitor of cytochrome c (Cytochrome c), and it exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the expression of IL-1β and the activation of caspase-1. N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan holds promise for research in neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases.
    N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-174887
    THR-β agonist 9
    		Agonist
    THR-β agonist 9 is a potent, selective, and His435 mutation-sensitive THR-β (EC50: 3.2 nM) agonist. THR-β agonist 9 has moderate selectivity (approximately 10-fold) and good activation capacity (EC50: 134.2 nM to 515.5 nM) for multiple His435 mutants (H435A, H435Y, and H435R). THR-β agonist 9 has the potential to be used in the study of dyslipidemia, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), or resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH).
    THR-β agonist 9
  • HY-16397AS
    Phenformin-d5 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    Phenformin-d5 (Phenethylbiguanide-d5) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Phenformin hydrochloride. Phenformin hydrochloride is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential.
    Phenformin-d<sub>5</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-W555457
    Methyl 3,5-di-O-benzyl-D-ribofuranoside
    		Inhibitor
    Methyl 3,5-di-O-benzyl-D-ribofuranoside is a sugar derivative. Methyl 3,5-di-O-benzyl-D-ribofuranoside increases mitochondrial oxygen consumption.
    Methyl 3,5-di-O-benzyl-D-ribofuranoside
  • HY-181479
    EGFR-IN-196
    EGFR-IN-196 is an EGFR inhibitor with an IC50 of 105.96 nM. EGFR-IN-196 inhibits EGFR enzymatic activity, reduces phosphorylated PI3K levels, and suppresses downstream EGFR-AKT signaling. EGFR-IN-196 increases intracellular ROS generation, induces mitochondrial depolarisation, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. EGFR-IN-196 can be used for the research of lung cancer.
    EGFR-IN-196
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity