2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-158189
    TPP-Ce6
    		Activator
    TPP-Ce6 is a mitochondria-targeted photosensitizer formed by the ester bond conjugation of chlorophyll e6 (Ce6) with triphenylphosphine (TPP). Under light irradiation or ultrasound exposure, TPP-Ce6 generates reactive oxygen species, induces cell apoptosis, and triggers immunogenic cell death. TPP-Ce6 can serve as a component of carrier-free co-delivery systems, undergo enzyme-induced self-assembly within tumors, and modulate tumor hypoxia. TPP-Ce6 is applicable to research on breast cancer and glioblastoma.
    TPP-Ce6
  • HY-142099
    Hispaglabridin A
    		Inhibitor
    Hispaglabridin A is an isoflavone derivative extracted from licorice roots. Hispaglabridin A is an antioxidant that is effective at inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
    Hispaglabridin A
  • HY-113978R
    6-Formylpterin (Standard)
    6-Formylpterin (Standard) is the analytical standard of 6-Formylpterin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 6-Formylpterin is an inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase. 6-Formylpterin induces intracellular ROS generation and apoptosis in HL-60 cells. 6-Formylpterin suppresses cell proliferation in PanC-1 cells.
    6-Formylpterin (Standard)
  • HY-N0359R
    Cynarin (Standard)
    Cynarin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cynarin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cynarin is an antichoke agent with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antihistamic and antiviral activities.
    Cynarin (Standard)
  • HY-W017611
    4-Propylphenol
    		Activator
    4-Propylphenol is a plant-derived phenolic compound. 4-Propylphenol causes an increase in ROS within the Fusarium graminearum cells, leading to damage to the DNA and cell membranes of the mycelia, effectively inhibiting the growth of the mycelia. 4-Propylphenol also has a growth inhibitory effect on walnut pathogenic fungi (C. gloeosporioides, C. siamense, A. alternata), with its EC50 ranging from 29.11 to 31.89 mg/L, and it also inhibits spore germination, with EC50 being 55.04-71.85 mg/L. 4-Propylphenol can be used in the research of fungal diseases in walnuts and wheat Fusarium head blight.
    4-Propylphenol
  • HY-N2584AR
    Isoxanthohumol (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Isoxanthohumol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isoxanthohumol (HY-N2584A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isoxanthohumol is an orally active flavonoid compound. Isoxanthohumol has biological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, and inhibition of adipogenesis. Isoxanthohumol can induce apoptosis, autophagy, and migration of tumor cells. Isoxanthohumol is active against viruses such as HSV, BVDV, CMV, and Rhino. Isoxanthohumol can be used for the research of tumors, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases.
    Isoxanthohumol (Standard)
  • HY-W585945
    Mono N-desmethyl disperse polyester dark blue
    Mono N-Desmethyl Disperse Polyester Dark Blue is a bioreductive agent that is activated under hypoxic conditions. Once inside a cell, it is reduced to its active form, which generates reactive oxygen species that can damage cellular components, including DNA. This damage can lead to cell death, particularly in hypoxic cancer cells that are already under stress. It has also been shown to inhibit the activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) , which is a key regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia.
    Mono N-desmethyl disperse polyester dark blue
  • HY-178513
    Anti-MRSA agent 38
    		Activator
    Anti-MRSA agent 38 is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent (MIC = 0.0625-2 µg/mL). Anti-MRSA agent 38 can inhibit ribosomal protein synthesis. Anti-MRSA agent 38 exerts multiple bactericidal effects by disrupting bacterial membrane structure and inducing ROS accumulation. Anti-MRSA agent 38 can selectively kill tumor cells, such as HGC-27 (IC50 = 0.86 µM), MRC-5 (IC50 = 5.52 µM), and RPC (IC50 = 6.09 µM) cells. Anti-MRSA agent 38 can be used to study infectious diseases such as bacterial infection.
    Anti-MRSA agent 38
  • HY-N1965R
    Gaultherin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Gaultherin (Standard) is the analytical standard for Gaultherin (HY-N1965). Gaultherin is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Gaultherin selectively inhibits NF-κB, MAPK, COX-2 (IC50 = 0.35 mg/mL), LOX (IC50 = 0.56 mg/mL) and HYAL (IC50 = 28.58 μg/mL) to exert anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects. Gaultherin exhibits modest direct antioxidant capacity, greater in cell-based models. Gaultherin does not affect COX-1 so that avoids the common gastrointestinal side effects of Aspirin (HY-14654).
    Gaultherin (Standard)
  • HY-N11934
    Piperkadsin A
    		Inhibitor
    Piperkadsin A is a potent inhibitor of ROS. Piperkadsin inhibits PMA-induced ROS production in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils with an IC50 of 4.3 μM.
    Piperkadsin A
  • HY-N3294
    Mesuol
    		Inhibitor
    Mesuol, a natural product isolated from M. ferrea L. seed oil, has antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects.
    Mesuol
  • HY-165362
    AO-1535
    		Inhibitor
    AO-1535 is a semisynthetic monoglycosylceramide that inhibits the production of reactive oxygen intermediates in human monocytes and macrophages stimulated by phorbol ester and chemotactic tetrapeptide. AO-1535 can be used for the research of inflammatory dermatoses.
    AO-1535
  • HY-116722
    (2E)-4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal
    		Inducer
    (2E)-4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and can be used as a marker of oxidative stress.
    (2E)-4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal
  • HY-N7063S1
    Nerol-d6
    		Activator
    Nerol-d6 is deuterated labeled Nerol (HY-N7063). Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity.
    Nerol-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-I0508R
    Phthalic acid (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Phthalic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phthalic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phthalic acid is the final common metabolite of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). Phthalic acid can be used for the synthesis of synthetic agents, such as isophthalic acid (IPA), and terephthalic acid (TPA). Phthalic acid has applications in the preparation of phthalate ester plasticizers. Phthalic acid exhibits mutagenic effect and causes genetic damage in mammalian germ cells.
    Phthalic acid (Standard)
  • HY-114911R
    Feprazone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Feprazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Feprazone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Feprazone (DA2370; Prenazone), an analogue of Phenylbutazone (HY-B0230), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic activities. Feprazone acts by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Feprazone ameliorates free fatty acid (FFA)-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Feprazone can decrease the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Besides, Feprazone can suppress adipogenesis and increase lipolysis in differentiating 3 T3-L1 cells. Feprazone also can be used to research atherosclerosis and obesity.
    Feprazone (Standard)
  • HY-144900R
    Topramezone (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Topramezone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Topramezone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Topramezone is a potent 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD) inhibitor. Topramezone is a herbicide, used for the post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in corn.
    Topramezone (Standard)
  • HY-180158
    Antitrypanosomal agent 28
    		Activator
    Antitrypanosomal agent 28 (Compound 2a) is a trypanocidal agent. Antitrypanosomal agent 28 effectively inhibits Trypanosoma cruzi by inducing the generation of ROS and mitochondrial damage, with an IC₅₀ of 49.4 μM. Antitrypanosomal agent 28 exhibits broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity against various tumor cell lines, especially being sensitive to leukemia, colon cancer, and breast cancer. Antitrypanosomal agent 28 can be used for research on anti-cancer and anti-trypanosome activities.
    Antitrypanosomal agent 28
  • HY-W009203R
    L-Cystine dihydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    L-Cystine (dihydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Cystine (dihydrochloride) (HY-W009203). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Cystine dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt form of L-Cystine (HY-N0394). L-Cystine dihydrochloride elevates Nrf2 protein expression and activates Nrf2 transcription factor. L-cystine dihydrochloride reduces ROS generation and protects against oxidant- or Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced apoptosis. L-Cystine dihydrochloride combined with L-theanine (HY-15121) enhances the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and T helper 2 (Th2) mediated responses in mice. L-Cystine dihydrochloride is promising for research of cystinuria and kidney stones
    L-Cystine dihydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-N13174
    Peanut procyanidin A
    		Inhibitor
    Peanut procyanidin A is a type of A-type procyanidin that can be extracted from peanut skins. Peanut procyanidin A can protect prostate DU145 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage through the MAPKs signaling pathway, alleviate cell cycle arrest, and reduce cell apoptosis. Peanut procyanidin A can also regulate gut microbiota and metabolism in mice with DSS (HY-116282)-induced ulcerative colitis.
    Peanut procyanidin A
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity