2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N8160
    Dehydrocurdione
    		Inhibitor
    Dehydrocurdione, a zedoary-derived sesquiterpene, induces heme oxygenase (HO)-1, an antioxidative enzyme, in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Dehydrocurdione interacts with Keap1, resulting in Nrf2 translocation followed by activation of the HO-1 E2 enhancer. Dehydrocurdione suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced NO release, a marker of inflammation. Anti-inflammatory activity.
    Dehydrocurdione
  • HY-100768R
    HTHQ (Standard)
    HTHQ (Standard) is the analytical standard of HTHQ. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. HTHQ (1-O-hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone) is a potent lipophilic phenolic antioxidant. HTHQ has considerable anti-oxidative activity by directly reacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and scavenging ROS to form more stable free radicals.
    HTHQ (Standard)
  • HY-N2414R
    Periplogenin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Periplogenin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Periplogenin (HY-N2414). Periplogenin is an orally active cardiac glycoside found in Cortex periplocae. Periplogenin can induce ROS production and necroptosis and cause G0/G1 phase arrest. Periplogenin can inhibit pyroptosis by regulating the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling. Periplogenin suppresses growth of prostate carcinoma cells by docking to an ATP1A1 protein pocket and forming a hydrogen bond with T804. Periplogenin can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammation and immunology, such as prostate carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
    Periplogenin (Standard)
  • HY-N0914R
    Ajugol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ajugol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ajugol (HY-N0914). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ajugol is an orally active iridoid glycoside found in the traditional Chinese medicine Leonurus japonicus. Ajugol is an autophagy activator. Ajugol activates TFEB-mediated autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Ajugol also has anti-inflammatory effects. Ajugol has great potential in the research of asthma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and osteoarthritis.
    Ajugol (Standard)
  • HY-14937R
    Succinobucol (Standard)
    Succinobucol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Succinobucol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Succinobucol is a phenolic antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects.
    Succinobucol (Standard)
  • HY-100807S1
    Quinolinic acid-13C7
    		Activator
    Quinolinic acid-13C7 is the 13C labeled Quinolinic acid (HY-100807). Quinolinic acid, an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan, is a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) agonist. Quinolinic acid increases glutamate efflux, induces the generation of ROS, activates nitric oxide synthase, produces excessive NO, leading to calcium ion influx and neuronal apoptosis.
    Quinolinic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-107999R
    CADD522 (Standard)
    		Agonist
    CADD522 (Standard) is the analytical standard of CADD522 (HY-107999). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. CADD522 is a RUNX2-DNA binding inhibitor (downregulates RUNX2-mediated transcription of downstream target genes), with an IC50 of 10 nM. CADD522 inhibits primary tumor growth and experimental metastasis of tumor cells in the lungs of immune-compromised mice. CADD522 can be used in study of cancer.
    CADD522 (Standard)
  • HY-118720A
    Ovothiol A TFA
    		Inhibitor
    Ovothiol A TFA (U-23 TFA) is an antioxidant. Ovothiol A TFA can be isolated from the tissues of marine invertebrates, algae and fish. Ovothiol A acts synergistically with glutathione to actively scavenge ROS and free radicals, and quench the triplet state of Kynurenic acid (HY-100806), thereby inhibiting oxidative stress and photodamage. OSH is expected to serve as an excellent photoprotective agent to inhibit the harmful effects caused by solar ultraviolet radiation.
    Ovothiol A TFA
  • HY-B0004R
    Doxofylline (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Doxofylline (Standard) is the analytical standard of Doxofylline. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Doxofylline is an orally active PDE IV inhibitor and A1AR antagonist. Doxofylline reduces inflammation in epithelial cells via inhibiting mitochondrial ROS production and amelioration of multiple cellular pathways (NLRP3-TXNIP inflammasome activation). Doxophylline can be used in studies of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchospasm.
    Doxofylline (Standard)
  • HY-N10379
    19-epi-Scholaricine
    		Inhibitor 99.14%
    19-epi-Scholaricine is an orally active indole alkaloid. 19-epi-Scholaricine downregulates the expression of profibrotic/apoptotic proteins (HRAS, HSP90AA1, KDR) and upregulates the expression of cell cycle-related protein (CDK2). 19-epi-Scholaricine suppresses ROS production and reduces the release of inflammatory mediators, thereby attenuating podocyte apoptosis, renal inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting AKT/mTOR. 19-epi-Scholaricine can be used in the research of chronic glomerulonephritis and membranous nephropathy.
    19-epi-Scholaricine
  • HY-14914R
    Azilsartan (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Azilsartan (Standard) is the analytical standard of Azilsartan. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Azilsartan (TAK-536) is an orally active, potent, selective and specific angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist. Azilsartan induces ROS formation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Azilsartan shows neuroprotective and anticancer activity. Azilsartan can be used for hypertension and stroke research.
    Azilsartan (Standard)
  • HY-180240
    Antibacterial agent 308
    		Activator
    Antibacterial agent 308 (Compound A25) is an antibacterial agent. Antibacterial agent 308 selectively targets bacterial membranes by binding phosphatidylethanolamine, thereby disrupting membrane polarization, elevating intracellular ROS levels. Antibacterial agent 308 shows significant anti-biofilm activity against S. aureus. Antibacterial agent 308 demonstrates potent anti-MRSA activity.
    Antibacterial agent 308
  • HY-W450115
    USF 2550A
    		Inhibitor
    USF 2550A is a class of fungus-derived 2-pyran compound with DPPH free radical scavenging activity. USF 2550A binds to DPPH free radicals in organic solvents to form adducts, thereby achieving free radical scavenging; in acetate buffer, the formed adducts undergo degradation, and the degradation products can continuously scavenge free radicals. USF 2550A can be used in antioxidant-related research.
    USF 2550A
  • HY-B2188R
    S-Methyl-L-cysteine (Standard)
    S-Methyl-L-cysteine (Standard) is the analytical standard of S-Methyl-L-cysteine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. S-Methyl-L-cysteine is a natural product that acts as a substrate in the catalytic antioxidant system mediated by methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA), with antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-obesity activities.
    S-Methyl-L-cysteine (Standard)
  • HY-N6043R
    Hydroxytyrosol acetate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Hydroxytyrosol acetate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydroxytyrosol (HY-N0570). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydroxytyrosol acetate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol acetate not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol acetate effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol acetate significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol acetate has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields.
    Hydroxytyrosol acetate (Standard)
  • HY-16488R
    Temoporfin (Standard)
    Temoporfin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Temoporfin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Temoporfin (m-THPC), a reduced porphyrin, is a potent second-generation photosensitizer. Temoporfin can be used in the research of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for head and neck cancers.
    Temoporfin (Standard)
  • HY-N12914
    Tanzawaic acid B
    		Inhibitor
    Tanzawaic acid B ((+)-Tanzawaic acid B; GS-1302-1; 10-Deoxytanzawaic acid E) is a superoxide anion production inhibitor and can be isolated from Penicillium citrinum.
    Tanzawaic acid B
  • HY-100116AR
    Mitoquinone mesylate (Standard)
    Mitoquinone (mesylate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Mitoquinone (mesylate) (HY-100116A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Mitoquinone mesylate is a TPP-based, mitochondrially targeted antioxidant in order to protect against oxidative damage.
    Mitoquinone mesylate (Standard)
  • HY-N10083
    Selaginellin
    		Inhibitor
    Selaginellin is an inhibitor of Reactive Oxygen Species and an activator of SIRT1. Selaginellin protects endothelial cells against homocysteine-induced senescence by inhibitng reactive oxygen species and upregulating SIRT1 gene expression.
    Selaginellin
  • HY-N15440
    Mutatochrome
    		Inhibitor
    Mutatochrome (Citroxanthin) is a naturally occurring carotenoid pigment found in certain plants. Mutatochrome has antioxidant property to help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Mutatochrome can be used for anti-inflammatory and anticancer study.
    Mutatochrome
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity