Thapsigargin 

Thapsigargin, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer, is an inhibitor of microsomal Ca²⁺-ATPase. Thapsigargin efficiently inhibits coronavirus (HCoV-229E, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) replication in different cell types^{[1][2][3][4][5]}.

Ca²⁺-ATPase^[1]

Thapsigargin (0.001- 1 μM; for 2 and 4 days) arrests cell proliferations in MH7A human rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner^[2].
Thapsigargin (0.001- 1 μM; for 2 and 4 days) induces cell apoptosis in MH7A cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner^[2].
Thapsigargin (0.001- 1 μM; for 2 and 4 days) impairs mTOR activity and leads to cyclin D1 expressions in MH7A cells^[2].
Thapsigargin inhibits Ca²⁺ entry into human neutrophil granulocytes^[1].
Thapsigargin inhibits the carbachol-evoked [Ca²⁺]i-transients with (IC₅₀=0.353 nM) or without (IC₅₀=0.448 nM) a KCl-prestimulation, but an additional small component, with a much lower sensitivity (IC₅₀=4814 nM), is observed in the absence of a KCl-prestimulation. In contrast, the KCl-evoked [Ca²⁺]i-transients displayed only one component with a very low sensitivity to Thapsigargin in both absence (IC₅₀=3343 nM) and presence (IC₅₀=6858 nM) of a carbachol-prestimulation^[3].
Thapsigargin also phosphorylate p38 MAPK by Ca²⁺ influx through SOCE, leading to suppression of TNF-α-induced NF-κB phosphorylation^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Thapsigargin (Injection; 0.25 ug/g, 0.5 ug/g and 1 ug/g; 24 hours) significant increases of 2 to 5-fold in chemokine and pro-inflammatory expression. Thapsigargin is more sensitive to inducing a systemic immune response^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

650.75

C₃₄H₅₀O₁₂

67526-95-8

Solid

White to off-white

CCCCCCCC(O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC(/C(C)=C\C)=O)C(C)=C2[C@@]1([H])[C@@](C)(OC(C)=O)C[C@H](OC(CCC)=O)[C@@]([C@@]3(O)C)(O)[C@@]2([H])OC3=O)=O

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

• [1]. Geiszt M, et al. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca²⁺ entry into human neutrophil granulocytes. Biochem J. 1995 Jan 15;305 ( Pt 2):525-8.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Wang H, et al. Effects of thapsigargin on the proliferation and survival of human rheumatoid arthritis synovialcells. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014 Feb 9;2014:605416.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Garavito-Aguilar ZV, et al. Differential thapsigargin-sensitivities and interaction of Ca2+ stores in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Brain Res. 2004 Jun 18;1011(2):177-86.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Abdullahi A, et al. Modeling Acute ER Stress in Vivo and in Vitro. Shock. 2017 Apr;47(4):506-513.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Mohammed Samer Shaban, et al. Inhibiting coronavirus replication in cultured cells by chemical ER stress. bioRxiv 2020.08.26.266304;

  [6]. Junsuke Uwada, et al. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) contributes to phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and suppression of TNF-α signalling in the intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Signal. 2019 Nov;63:109358.  [Content Brief]