Epirubicin hydrochloride
Based on 38 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Epirubicin hydrochloride (4'-Epidoxorubicin hydrochloride), a semisynthetic L-arabino derivative of doxorubicin, has an antineoplastic agent by inhibiting Topoisomerase. Epirubicin hydrochloride inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis. Epirubicin hydrochloride is a Forkhead box protein p3 (Foxp3) inhibitor and inhibits regulatory T cell activity.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.62%
- CAS No.: 56390-09-1
- Formula: C27H30ClNO11
- Molecular Weight:579.98
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Epirubicin hydrochloride
More- Mol Cancer. 2024 Jan 10;23(1):12. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Immunol. 2023 Jan;20(1):51-64. [Abstract]
- Adv Funct Mater. 2026 Feb 1.
- Mol Cell. 2022 Apr 7;82(7):1297-1312.e8. [Abstract]
- Interdiscip Med. 2025 Feb 24.
- Cell Rep Med. 2025 Apr 15;6(4):102053. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Nov 27;23(1):551. [Abstract]
- Genome Med. 2024 Jan 12;16(1):11. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2024 Jul 24;10(1):337. [Abstract]
- Br J Cancer. 2024 Oct;131(7):1212-1223. [Abstract]
- Cancer Drug Resist. 2026 Jun 8;9.
- Cell Prolif. 2021 May;54(5):e13038. [Abstract]
- Anal Chem. 2022 Oct 4;94(39):13623-13630. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell Int. 2024 Dec 27;24(1):433. [Abstract]
- Food Funct. 2025 Aug 26;16(17):6786-6799. [Abstract]
- Int J Pharm. 2024 Oct 25:664:124622. [Abstract]
- J Biomed Inform. 2023 Jun:142:104383. [Abstract]
- ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2025 Jun 16;8(6):4686-4698. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Dec 25;24(1):343. [Abstract]
- Microchem J. 2025 Oct 15;218:115702.
- Eur J Pharm Sci. 2024 Oct 1:201:106860. [Abstract]
- J Mol Med (Berl). 2019 Aug;97(8):1183-1193. [Abstract]
- Int J Cancer. 2024 Jul 15;155(2):324-338. [Abstract]
- Mol Pharm. 2019 Aug 5;16(8):3452-3459. [Abstract]
- Cancer Res Treat. 2023 Oct;55(4):1077-1086. [Abstract]
- Breast Cancer. 2024 Dec 20:16:993-1004. [Abstract]
- Genomics. 2022 Jan;114(1):125-137. [Abstract]
- Exp Cell Res. 2020 Aug 1;393(1):112054. [Abstract]
- Yonsei Med J. 2019 Sep;60(9):832-841. [Abstract]
- Discov Oncol. 2025 May 19;16(1):814. [Abstract]
- Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jun;19(3):355-364. [Abstract]
- Turk J Biol. 2026 Mar 13;50(2):170-184. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2026 Jan 9.
- Cell Biomater. 2025 Jul 22.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Apr 17.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Jan 13.
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Nov.
- Research Square Preprint. 2020 May.
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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WB
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoforms
MoreAll Topoisomerase Isoforms
MoreAll Antibiotic Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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Topoisomerase |
FOXP3 |
Epirubicin hydrochloride (4'-Epidoxorubicin hydrochloride), like doxorubicin, exerts its antitumor effects by complex with DNA, resulting in damage to DNA and interference with the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Epirubicin hydrochloride may also affect the integrity and activity of cellular membranes. Maximal cell kill caused by Epirubicin hydrochloride occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle. With higher concentrations effects are also seen in early G2 as well as G1 and M phases[1].
Epirubicin hydrochloride display antineoplastic activity against most cancer cells. Epirubicin hydrochloride is cytotoxic to Hepatoma G2 cells with IC50 of 1.6 μg/mL at 24 hr. 1.6 μg/mL Epirubicin hydrochloride induces apoptosis of Hep G2 cells, and higher activity of catalase by 50%, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase by 110%, Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase by 172% and Mn-superoxide dismutase by 135%. Epirubicin hydrochloride increases the cellular expression of NADPH-CYP 450 reductase, and reduces GST-π expression[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Epirubicin hydrochloride at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg suppresses tumor mass of human breast tumor xenograft R-27 by 74.4 %[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 56390-09-1
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 579.98
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Formula C27H30ClNO11
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Color Orange to red
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SMILES
O=C(C1=C2C(O)=C3[C@@H](O[C@@]4([H])C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O4)C[C@@](C(CO)=O)(O)CC3=C1O)C5=CC=CC(OC)=C5C2=O.Cl
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Synonyms
4'-Epidoxorubicin hydrochloride
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (38)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Mol Cancer
Organoids derived from patients provide a new opportunity for research and individualized treatment of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. [Abstract]2024 Jan 10;23(1):12. PMID: 38200517 -
Cell Mol Immunol
Arsenic trioxide elicits prophylactic and therapeutic immune responses against solid tumors by inducing necroptosis and ferroptosis. [Abstract]2023 Jan;20(1):51-64. PMID: 36447031
Epirubicin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Mol Immunol. 2023 Jan;20(1):51-64. [Abstract]
Comparison of drug (Epirubicin hydrochloride, EPI; Daunorubicin hydrochloride, DNR; Vinorelbine ditartrate, VNR; Oxaliplatin, OXA; Vincristine, VCR; Artemisinin, ART; Colchicine, COL) cytotoxicity to TC1 cells at the indicated doses and time points measured with CCK-8 assays. R.U. (Relative unit) was calculated from the average O.D. values in each condition as the indicator of cell viability (n = 3).
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Mol Cell
Micropeptide PACMP inhibition elicits synthetic lethal effects by decreasing CtIP and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. [Abstract]2022 Apr 7;82(7):1297-1312.e8. PMID: 35219381
Epirubicin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell. 2022 Apr 7;82(7):1297-1312.e8. [Abstract]
CCK8 assay to detect the survival of MCF7 cells transfected with indicated siRNAs and treated with 1 μM EPI (Epirubicin hydrochloride; for 24 h).
Epirubicin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell. 2022 Apr 7;82(7):1297-1312.e8. [Abstract]
CCK8 assay to detect the survival of MCF7 cells transfected with indicated siRNAs and treated with 1 μM EPI (Epirubicin hydrochloride; left) for 24 h or 0.5 μM EPI for 0-60 h (right).
Epirubicin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell. 2022 Apr 7;82(7):1297-1312.e8. [Abstract]
Indicated MCF7 cells were treated with 1 μM EPI (Epirubicin hydrochloride) for 24 h. The levels of γH2AX were analyzed by immunoblotting (IB). Numbers represent its relative intensities measured by ImageJ.
Epirubicin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell. 2022 Apr 7;82(7):1297-1312.e8. [Abstract]
Xenograft assay of lnc15.2-depleted and FL/FL∗-supplemented MDA-MB-231 cells (n = 5 per group). Tumor growth are shown. The arrow indicates each EPI (Epirubicin hydrochloride; 5 mg/Kg; i.p. on days 0, 4, 8 or 9) treatment.
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Cell Rep Med
CAN-Scan: A multi-omic phenotype-driven precision oncology platform identifies prognostic biomarkers of therapy response for colorectal cancer. [Abstract]2025 Apr 15;6(4):102053. PMID: 40187357 -
Cell Commun Signal
Targeting the MAGED2-TRIM28-FLNC axis overcomes chemoresistance in TNBC via EMT suppression. [Abstract]2025 Nov 27;23(1):551. PMID: 41310667 -
Genome Med
Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of breast cancer identifies novel signatures associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. [Abstract]2024 Jan 12;16(1):11. PMID: 38217005 -
Cell Death Discov
Epirubicin induces cardiotoxicity through disrupting ATP6V0A2-dependent lysosomal acidification and triggering ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. [Abstract]2024 Jul 24;10(1):337. PMID: 39048556 -
Br J Cancer
DRD4 promotes chemo-resistance and cancer stem cell-like phenotypes by mediating the activation of the Akt/β-catenin signaling axis in liver cancer. [Abstract]2024 Oct;131(7):1212-1223. PMID: 39174739 -
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Cell Prolif
2021 May;54(5):e13038. PMID: 33793020 -
Anal Chem
Force-Dependent Intercalative Bulky DNA Adduct Formation Detected by Single-Molecule Stretching. [Abstract]2022 Oct 4;94(39):13623-13630. PMID: 36129494 -
Cancer Cell Int
2024 Dec 27;24(1):433. PMID: 39731167 -
Food Funct
Combination of resveratrol and epirubicin to overcome chemoresistance in lung adenocarcinoma organoids: synergistic effects and translational implications. [Abstract]2025 Aug 26;16(17):6786-6799. PMID: 40755405 -
Int J Pharm
Fucoidan based polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating epirubicin: A novel and effective chemotherapeutic formulation against colorectal cancer. [Abstract]2024 Oct 25:664:124622. PMID: 39197799 -
J Biomed Inform
2023 Jun:142:104383. PMID: 37196989 -
ACS Appl Bio Mater
RA16-Modified DNA Tetrahedra: Targeted Delivery and Inhibition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. [Abstract]2025 Jun 16;8(6):4686-4698. PMID: 40366635 -
Int J Mol Sci
Metformin Alleviates Epirubicin-Induced Endothelial Impairment by Restoring Mitochondrial Homeostasis. [Abstract]2022 Dec 25;24(1):343. PMID: 36613786 -
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Eur J Pharm Sci
Chemotherapy drug combinations induced maternal ovarian damage and long-term effect on fetal reproductive system in mice. [Abstract]2024 Oct 1:201:106860. PMID: 39043317 -
J Mol Med (Berl)
2019 Aug;97(8):1183-1193. PMID: 31201471 -
Int J Cancer
Establishment of patient-derived organoids for guiding personalized therapies in breast cancer patients. [Abstract]2024 Jul 15;155(2):324-338. PMID: 38533706 -
Mol Pharm
Superior Penetration and Cytotoxicity of HPMA Copolymer Conjugates of Pirarubicin in Tumor Cell Spheroid. [Abstract]2019 Aug 5;16(8):3452-3459. PMID: 31294568 -
Cancer Res Treat
Establishment of Patient-Derived Organoids Using Ascitic or Pleural Fluid from Cancer Patients. [Abstract]2023 Oct;55(4):1077-1086. PMID: 37309112 -
Breast Cancer
Quercetin Promote the Chemosensitivity in Organoids Derived from Patients with Breast Cancer. [Abstract]2024 Dec 20:16:993-1004. PMID: 39720358 -
Genomics
The potential role of c-MYC and polyamine metabolism in multiple drug resistance in bladder cancer investigated by metabonomics. [Abstract]2022 Jan;114(1):125-137. PMID: 34843906 -
Exp Cell Res
Network-based analysis with primary cells reveals drug response landscape of acute myeloid leukemia. [Abstract]2020 Aug 1;393(1):112054. PMID: 32376287 -
Yonsei Med J
miR-1301/TRIAP1 Axis Participates in Epirubicin-Mediated Anti-Proliferation and Pro-Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma. [Abstract]2019 Sep;60(9):832-841. PMID: 31433581 -
Discov Oncol
2025 May 19;16(1):814. PMID: 40388071 -
Asia Pac J Clin Oncol
Epirubicin may enhance the inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by iodine-125 seeds through downregulating WNT pathway. [Abstract]2023 Jun;19(3):355-364. PMID: 36464954
Epirubicin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jun;19(3):355-364. [Abstract]
The Epirubicin (EPI) + iodine-125 (125I) group is significantly decreases the proliferation ability of HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells (cells are cultured for 2-3 weeks).
Epirubicin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jun;19(3):355-364. [Abstract]
Epirubicin (EPI) promotes iodine-125 (125I)-induced downregulation of the WNT pathway and enhances the radiosensitivity of HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells.
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Turk J Biol
Combinatorial effect of epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells. [Abstract]2026 Mar 13;50(2):170-184. PMID: 42058124 -
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Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 50 mg/mL (86.21 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : 25 mg/mL (43.10 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.59 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 1% DMSO 99% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (0.86 mM); Clear solution
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 1.1 mg/mL (1.90 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Protocol
Hep G2 cells (500 cells/well, monolayer) are plated in a 96-well plate. The next day the cells are treated with Epirubicin in the medium. At the end of the incubation periods, 15% volume of MTT dye solution is added. After 1 hr of incubation at 37°C, an equal volume of solubilization/stop solution (dimethylsul-foxide) is added to each well for an additional 1 hr incubation. The absorbance of the reaction solution at 570 nm is recorded.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (285 KB)
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SDS (557 KB)
- English - EN (557 KB)
- Français - FR (557 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (557 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (557 KB)
- Español - ES (557 KB)
- Swedish - SV (557 KB)
- Italian - IT (557 KB)
- Korean - KR (557 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (557 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Cersosimo RJ, et al. Epirubicin: a review of the pharmacology, clinical activity, and adverse effects of an adriamycin analogue. J Clin Oncol. 1986 Mar;4(3):425-39. [Content Brief]
[2]. Kashima H, et al. Epirubicin, Identified Using a Novel Luciferase Reporter Assay for Foxp3 Inhibitors, Inhibits Regulatory T Cell Activity. PLoS One. 2016 Jun 10;11(6):e0156643. [Content Brief]
[3]. Ozkan, A., et al. Epirubicin HCl toxicity in human-liver derived hepatoma G2 cells. Pol J Pharmacol, 2004. 56(4): p. 435-44. [Content Brief]
[4]. Bonadonna, G., et al. Drugs ten years later: epirubicin. Ann Oncol, 1993. 4(5): p. 359-69. [Content Brief]
[5]. Asanuma, F., et al. Antitumor activity of paclitaxel and epirubicin in human breast carcinoma, R-27. Folia Microbiol (Praha), 1998. 43(5): p. 473-4. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO / H2O | 1 mM | 1.7242 mL | 8.6210 mL | 17.2420 mL | 43.1049 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3448 mL | 1.7242 mL | 3.4484 mL | 8.6210 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1724 mL | 0.8621 mL | 1.7242 mL | 4.3105 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1149 mL | 0.5747 mL | 1.1495 mL | 2.8737 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0862 mL | 0.4310 mL | 0.8621 mL | 2.1552 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0690 mL | 0.3448 mL | 0.6897 mL | 1.7242 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0575 mL | 0.2874 mL | 0.5747 mL | 1.4368 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0431 mL | 0.2155 mL | 0.4310 mL | 1.0776 mL | |
| H2O | 50 mM | 0.0345 mL | 0.1724 mL | 0.3448 mL | 0.8621 mL |
| 60 mM | 0.0287 mL | 0.1437 mL | 0.2874 mL | 0.7184 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0216 mL | 0.1078 mL | 0.2155 mL | 0.5388 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.