Pixantrone hydrochloride  (Synonyms: BBR 2778 hydrochloride)

Pixantrone (BBR 2778 (free base)) hydrochloride, a mitoxantrone analog, is a topoisomerase II inhibitor and DNA intercalator, with anti-tumor activity^[1][2].

Pixantrone (0-10 μM, 72 h) hydrochloride induces cell death in multiple cancer cell lines independent of cell cycle perturbation^[1].
Pixantrone (25-500 nM, 24 h) hydrochloride can induce DNA damage, hinder chromosome segregation, and induce severe chromosomal aberrations and mitotic catastrophes in PANC1 cells^[1].
Pixantrone (0-100 μM, 72 h) hydrochloride potently inhibits growth of human leukemia K562 cells, etoposide-resistant K/VP.5 cells, MDCK and ABCB1-transfected MDCK/MDR cells with IC₅₀s of 0.10 μM, 0.56 μM, 0.058 μM and 4.5 μM, respectively^[2].
Pixantrone (0.01-0.2 μM) hydrochloride leads to a concentration-dependent formation of linear DNA through acting on topoisomerase IIα and produces semiquinone free radicals in an enzymatic reducing system, although not in a cellular system, most likely due to low cellular uptake^[2].
Pixantrone (0.01-10 μM) hydrochloride shows potent inhibitory activities against rat 97-116 peptide-specific T cell proliferation^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Pixantrone (i.v., 27 mg/kg, every 7 days, three times) hydrochloride does not worsen pre-existing moderate degenerative cardiomyopathy, causes minimal cardiotoxic in mice following repeated treatment cycles and results in less mortality than mitoxantrone in doxorubicin-pretreated mice^[3].
Pixantrone (i.v., 16.25 mg/kg, every week, three times) hydrochloride modulates Lymph node cells (LNC) responses, affacts T cell subpopulations in TAChR-immunized Lewis rats and also shows preventive and therapeutic effect in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rats^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

361.83

C₁₇H₂₀ClN₅O₂

175989-38-5

O=C(C1=C(NCCN)C=CC(NCCN)=C12)C3=C(C=NC=C3)C2=O.Cl

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

• [1]. Neil Beeharry, et al. Pixantrone induces cell death through mitotic perturbations and subsequent aberrant cell divisions. Cancer Biol Ther. 2015;16(9):1397-406.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Brian B Hasinoff, et al. Mechanisms of Action and Reduced Cardiotoxicity of Pixantrone; a Topoisomerase II Targeting Agent with Cellular Selectivity for the Topoisomerase IIα Isoform. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2016 Feb;356(2):397-409.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Ennio Cavalletti, et al. Pixantrone (BBR 2778) has reduced cardiotoxic potential in mice pretreated with doxorubicin: comparative studies against doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. Invest New Drugs. 2007 Jun;25(3):187-95.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Federica Ubiali, et al. Pixantrone (BBR2778) reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in Lewis rats. J Immunol. 2008 Feb 15;180(4):2696-703.  [Content Brief]