α-Hydroxyglutaric acid  (Synonyms: 2-Hydroxyglutarate; 2-Hydroxyglutaric acid; 2-Hydroxypentanedioic acid)

α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (2-Hydroxyglutarate) is an α-hydroxy acid form of glutaric acid. α-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a competitive inhibitor of multiple α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the TET family of 5-methlycytosine (5mC) hydroxylases^[1].

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 mutations occur frequently in gliomas and acute myeloid leukemia, leading to simultaneous loss and gain of activities in the production of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (2-Hydroxyglutarate), respectively^[1].
α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (2-Hydroxyglutarate) inhibits the activity of multiple histone demethylases. α-Hydroxyglutaric acid occupies the same space as α-KG does in the active site of histone demethylases. α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (2-Hydroxyglutarate) inhibits the activity of TET 5-methylcytosine hydroxylases^[1].
Treatment of U-87MG cells with α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (2-Hydroxyglutarate; 10-50 mM) increases HIF-1α and decreases endostatin^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

148.11

C₅H₈O₅

2889-31-8

Liquid

Colorless to light yellow

O=C(O)C(O)CCC(O)=O

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Solution, -20°C, 2 years

• [1]. Wei Xu, et al. Oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate is a competitive inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. Cancer Cell. 2011 Jan 18;19(1):17-30.  [Content Brief]