2. Anti-infection
  3. Bacterial SARS-CoV
  4. Auranofin

Auranofin (SKF-39162) is a thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.2 μM. Auranofin exhibits antiviral activity against SARS-CoV21, with a CC50 of 4.2 μM for monkey kidney Vero E6 cells.

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CAS. Nr. : 34031-32-8

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
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Based on 40 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Auranofin:

Auranofin Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

40 Publications Citing Use of MCE Auranofin

WB
Histological Imaging/Staining
Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay

    Auranofin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nature. 2025 Feb;638(8050):519-527.  [Abstract]

    Co-IP analysis of FBXO31 and endogenous clients as in g for cells treated with H2O2 (20 min, 200 µM), menadione (2 h, 10 µM), or Auranofin (2 h, 10 µM).

    Auranofin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Sep 2;16(1):8181.  [Abstract]

    Cell viability in PC9 and A549 cells treated with RSL3 for 6 h or IKE for 24 h following pre-treatment with 1 μM Auranofin, PX-12, or conoidin A for 6 h was measured.

    Auranofin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Aging. 2024 Feb;4(2):185-197.  [Abstract]

    Mice were injected intraperitoneally once every 3 days with 5 mg/kg Auranofin in solvent for 7 times. Images of immunostaining for NLRP3 in the ovary tissues from young (4 months) and aged mice (22 months) with or without Tri-1 and auranofin treatments were obtained.

    Auranofin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Redox Biol. 2020 Sep;36:101652.  [Abstract]

    Effect of Auranofin on expression of TXNRD3 and Bcl-2 family members. SK-Hep1OE or SK-Hep1VC cells are treated with various concentrations of Auranofin for 24 h, and immunoblot analysis is performed with the indicated antibodies.

    Auranofin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Front Oncol. 2018 Dec 17:8:611.  [Abstract]

    Protein expression of Caspase3/9, Cleaved caspase3/9, Bax, Bcl2, TXNRD1, and PCK1. PCK1-KO hepatoma cells are treated with Auranofin, Sorafenib or Auranofin+Sorafenib as and the proteins are isolated and analyzed by western blotting.

    • Biologische Aktivität

    • Protokoll

    • Reinheit & Dokumentation

    • Verweise

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    Beschreibung

    Auranofin (SKF-39162) is a thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.2 μM. Auranofin exhibits antiviral activity against SARS-CoV21, with a CC50 of 4.2 μM for monkey kidney Vero E6 cells.

    IC50 & Target

    IC50: 0.2 μM (TrxR)[1]
    In Vitro

    Auranofin is a drug that is approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis but is being investigated for potential therapeutic application in a number of other diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders. Auranofin induces apoptosis in cells through a Bax/Bak-dependent mechanism associated with selective disruption of mitochondrial redox homeostasis in conjunction with oxidation of Prx3[1].
    Auranofin inhibits proliferation and survival of SKOV3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Auranofin treatment activates the pro-apoptotic caspase-3, increases protein levels of apoptosis-inducing proteins Bax and Bim and reduces the expression of the anti-apoptotic mediator Bcl-2 in SKOV3 cells[2].
    Auranofin is a lipophilic gold compound with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Auranofin inhibits the cell growth and induction of mitochondrial apoptosis in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Treatment with auranofin significantly inhibits cell viability with an IC50 value of 2.5 μM after 24 h[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Auranofin Related Antibodies
    In Vivo

    Prophylactic treatment of adjuvant-induced arthritis rats with auranofin results in a slight reduction in paw edema, a complete normalization of the depressed IL-2 production, and a reduction of the elevated IL-1 production, but has no effect on the depressed IL-3 production[4].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Klinische Studie
    Molekulargewicht

    678.48

    Formel

    C20H34AuO9PS
    CAS. Nr.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    CC(O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1COC(C)=O)OC(C)=O)[C@H]([C@@H](O1)[S-][Au+][P](CC)(CC)CC)OC(C)=O)=O
    Versand

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Speicherung

    4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

    Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 50 mg/mL (73.69 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 1.4739 mL 7.3694 mL 14.7388 mL
    5 mM 0.2948 mL 1.4739 mL 2.9478 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    • Molaritätsrechner

    • Verdünnungsrechner

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
    =
    Concentration
    ×
    Volume
    ×
    Molecular Weight *

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

    ×
    Volume (start)

    V1

    =
    Concentration (final)

    C2

    ×
    Volume (final)

    V2

    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.68 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (3.07 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic and warming

      This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.08 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    % 
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Reinheit & Dokumentation

    Purity: 99.71%

    SDS (805 KB)

    COA (257 KB) HNMR (273 KB) RP-HPLC (251 KB) MS (69 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    Verweise
    Zellassay
    [2]

    Auranofin is dissolved in DMSO. Cells are treated with auranofin (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 nM) for 72 h for the dose-dependent response assay and 100 nM of auranofin is added into the wells for 0, 24, 72 and 120 h for the time-dependent response assay. Control cultures are treated with DMSO. Cell viability is measured by the MTT assay[2].

    MCE hat die Genauigkeit dieser Methoden nicht unabhängig bestätigt. Sie dienen nur als Referenz.
    Tierverwaltung
    [4]

    Rats: Prophylactically, auranofin (6.7 to 15 mg of gold/kg), indomethacin (2 mg/kg) or tragacanth vehicle control were administered orally at daily intervals beginning on the day of adjuvant injection. On days 16 to 17 peritoneal exudate cells or spleen cells from normal or adjuvant-injected rats were isolated and tested[4].

    MCE hat die Genauigkeit dieser Methoden nicht unabhängig bestätigt. Sie dienen nur als Referenz.
    Verweise

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 1.4739 mL 7.3694 mL 14.7388 mL 36.8471 mL
    5 mM 0.2948 mL 1.4739 mL 2.9478 mL 7.3694 mL
    10 mM 0.1474 mL 0.7369 mL 1.4739 mL 3.6847 mL
    15 mM 0.0983 mL 0.4913 mL 0.9826 mL 2.4565 mL
    20 mM 0.0737 mL 0.3685 mL 0.7369 mL 1.8424 mL
    25 mM 0.0590 mL 0.2948 mL 0.5896 mL 1.4739 mL
    30 mM 0.0491 mL 0.2456 mL 0.4913 mL 1.2282 mL
    40 mM 0.0368 mL 0.1842 mL 0.3685 mL 0.9212 mL
    50 mM 0.0295 mL 0.1474 mL 0.2948 mL 0.7369 mL
    60 mM 0.0246 mL 0.1228 mL 0.2456 mL 0.6141 mL
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    Auranofin Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Auranofin34031-32-8SKF-39162SKF39162SKF 39162BacterialSARS-CoVSARS coronavirusInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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