2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-106652
    SUN-N8075 dimethanesulfonate
    		Inhibitor
    SUN-N8075 dimethanesulfonate is a radical scavenger with antioxidant and neuroprotective effect. SUN-N8075 dimethanesulfonate can inhibit apoptosis and ROS production. SUN-N8075 dimethanesulfonate can protect against 6-OHDA (HY-B1081)-induced cell death. SUN-N8075 dimethanesulfonate can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as Parkinson's disease.
    SUN-N8075 dimethanesulfonate
  • HY-N12159
    Uvaol diacetate
    		Control
    Uvaol diacetate (Compound 5) is a triterpenoid derived from the leaves of Nerium oleunder L. and is an analog of Uvaol (HY-N1109). Uvaol has protective effects against DNA damage and can also induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
    Uvaol diacetate
  • HY-180324
    Candidone
    		Inducer
    Candidone is a type of flavanone phenolic compound with anti-cancer and antibacterial activities. Candidone inhibits the proliferation of hepatoblastoma and cholangiocarcinoma cells and induces their apoptosis by up-regulating p21, Bax, and caspase 3/9, and down-regulating Bcl-2 and survivin. It reduces the metastatic ability of cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of phosphorylated p38 and matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9. Candidone has inhibitory effects on multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Candidone binds to the base pairs of DNA in a groove-binding manner, thereby slightly altering the conformation of DNA.
    Candidone
  • HY-163854
    HSP70-IN-6
    		Inducer
    HSP70-IN-6 (Compound JL-15) is an inhibitor of Hsp70-Bim protein-protein interaction (PPI) (IC50: 70 nM). HSP70-IN-6 induces apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells, with EC50s of 0.43 μM(BV173), 0.88 μM (K562), 0.19 μM (K562-R3).
    HSP70-IN-6
  • HY-W014423S7
    L-Histidine-d3 hydrochloride hydrate
    		Inducer
    L-Histidine-d3 hydrochloride hydrate is the deuterium labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (HY-W014423). L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an endogenous metabolite. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate scavenges hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, regulate the absorption of zinc, copper and iron, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    L-Histidine-d<sub>3</sub> hydrochloride hydrate
  • HY-180193
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-86
    		Inducer
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-86 (Compound B6) is an effective inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. Tubulin polymerization-IN-86 effectively inhibits microtubulin polymerization by binding to the colchicine binding sites on microtubulin, thereby disrupting the microtubule cytoskeleton within the cell. Tubulin polymerization-IN-86 exhibits potent anti-proliferative activity against a variety of cancer cell lines. Tubulin polymerization-IN-86 induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, inhibits cell migration, invasion, and long-term survival ability. Tubulin polymerization-IN-86 inhibits tumor growth in mice and can be used for the study of melanoma.
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-86
  • HY-122108
    Ilicicolin A
    		Inducer
    Ilicicolin A is a potent anticancer agent. Ilicicolin A induces apoptosis. Ilicicolin A inhibits cell growth and colony formation. Ilicicolin A shows antitumor activity. Ilicicolin A has the potential for the research of prostate cancer.
    Ilicicolin A
  • HY-183601A
    Mcl-1-IN-22 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Mcl-1-IN-22 hydrochloride is a tetrahydro-β-carboline-based Mcl-1 inhibitor with a Ki of 0.015 μM. Mcl-1-IN-22 hydrochloride shows antitumor activity, induces apoptosis and produces synergistic antitumor effects in combination with Cisplatin (HY-17394) and Paclitaxel (HY-B0015). Mcl-1-IN-22 hydrochloride can be used for the research of cancer, such as ovarian cancer.
    Mcl-1-IN-22 hydrochloride
  • HY-147900
    PI3K-IN-35
    		Inducer
    PI3K-IN-35 (Compound 6l) is a highly selective PI3K inhibitor with IC50 values of 13.98, 7.22 and 10.94 μM for PI3K-α、PI3K-β and PI3K-δ, respectively. PI3K-IN-35 arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase and induces apoptosis. PI3K-IN-35 can be used in leukemia research.
    PI3K-IN-35
  • HY-181019
    iMPZ-8
    		Inducer
    iMPZ-8 is a β-tubulin polymerization inhibitor that inhibits β-tubulin protein expression, disrupts microtubule structure, impairs microtubule organization. iMPZ-8 inhibits proliferation and reduces cellular migration and colonization in cancer cells. iMPZ-8 induces G2/M phase arrestand induces apoptosis via the BAX-Caspase-3 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. iMPZ-8 can be used for the research of cancer, suah as breast cancer, neuroblastoma and colon cancer.
    iMPZ-8
  • HY-180849
    Caspase-3 activator 5
    		Inducer
    Caspase-3 activator 5 (Compound 11) is a caspase-3 activator. Caspase-3 activator 5 reduces MRP1 levels and induces Apoptosis through Caspase-3 activation. Caspase-3 activator 5 exhibits anticancer activity against leukemia, cervical cancer, and breast cancer. Caspase-3 activator 5 shows no antibacterial or antifungal effects.
    Caspase-3 activator 5
  • HY-179022
    CAIX/CDK-2-IN-1
    		Inducer
    CAIX/CDK-2-IN-1 is a dual-acting inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) and cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK-2) with IC50 values of 0.29 μM and 0.32 μM. The zein nanoparticls of CAIX/CDK-2-IN-1 can induce cancer cells apoptosis. CAIX/CDK-2-IN-1 can be used for the research of cancer, such as lung cancer.
    CAIX/CDK-2-IN-1
  • HY-175011
    EGFR-IN-165
    		Inducer
    EGFR-IN-165 is a potent EGFR inhibitor. EGFR-IN-165 demonstrates superior potency with IC50s of 17.18 and 64.74 nM against EGFRL858R/T790M and EGFRWT; 2.17 and 6.2 μM against NCI-H1975 cells and A431 cells. EGFR-IN-165 significantly inhibits the migration and induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. EGFR-IN-165 can be used for the study of cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
    EGFR-IN-165
  • HY-178059
    FGFR-IN-23
    		Inducer
    FGFR-IN-23 (Compound 9p) is a covalent pan FGFR inhibitor with IC50s of 14, 4.2, 5 and 220 nM for FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4, respectively. FGFR-IN-23 also has potent inhibitory activity against gatekeeper mutants, such as FGFR1V561M and FGFR3V555M. FGFR-IN-23 suppresses the activation of FGFR-mediated signaling and induces apoptosis. FGFR-IN-23 shows significant antitumor efficacy in RT112 xenograft mouse models. FGFR-IN-23 can be used for cancers and its drug resistance research.
    FGFR-IN-23
  • HY-P10988
    LVTX-8
    		Inducer
    LVTX-8 is a peptide toxin, exacted from Lycosa vittata. LVTX-8 has potent anticancer and and anti-metastasis activities towards lung cancer with strong cytotoxicity. LVTX-8 significantly induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of lung cancer cells through P53 hypoxia pathways and integrin signaling. LVTX-8 significantly inhibits the tumor growth and metastasis in A549/H460 xenograft mice model.
    LVTX-8
  • HY-B1941R
    4-tert-Octylphenol (Standard)
    		Inducer
    4-tert-Octylphenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-tert-Octylphenol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-tert-Octylphenol, a endocrine-disrupting chemical, is an estrogenic agent. 4-tert-Octylphenol is also a biodegradation product of non-ionic surfactants alkylphenol polyethoxylates. 4-tert-Octylphenol induces apoptosis in neuronal progenitor cells in offspring mouse brain. 4-tert-Octylphenol reduces bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), mitotic marker Ki67, and phospho-histone H3 (p-Histone-H3), resulting in a reduction of neuronal progenitor proliferation. 4-tert-Octylphenol disrupts brain development and behavior in mice, which is promising for reserch of immune response, neuro-related diseases and ethology.
    4-tert-Octylphenol (Standard)
  • HY-13777AR
    Zoledronic acid monohydrate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Zoledronic acid (monohydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Zoledronic acid (monohydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Zoledronic acid monohydrate (Zoledronate monohydrate) is a third-generation bisphosphonate (BP), with potent anti-resorptive activity. Zoledronic acid monohydrate inhibits the differentiation and apoptosis of osteoclasts. Zoledronic acid monohydrate also has anti-cancer effects.
    Zoledronic acid monohydrate (Standard)
  • HY-169246
    CDK2-IN-32
    		Inducer
    CDK2-IN-32 (Compound 5g) is a selective CDK2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.21 μM. CDK2-IN-32 shows cytotoxicity against Vero cells with an IC50 of 28.52 μM.
    CDK2-IN-32
  • HY-162868
    c-Met/HDAC-IN-4
    		Inducer
    c-Met/HDAC-IN-4 is a dual inhibitor of c-Met/HDAC. The IC50 value of c-Met/HDAC-IN-4 for c-Met is 28.92 nM. c-Met/HDAC-IN-4 can induce G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and it inhibits the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cell lines.
    c-Met/HDAC-IN-4
  • HY-179521
    CDK1-IN-8
    		Inducer
    CDK1-IN-8 is a CDK1 inhibitor. CDK1-IN-8 inhibits cell migration, induces apoptosis, and arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. CDK1-IN-8 leads to a significant downregulation of CDK1 protein levels in HepG2 cells. CDK1-IN-8 can be used for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma.
    CDK1-IN-8
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity